"The Astronomy of the Mamluks", "Isis" 74 (4), p. 531-555 [545-546] .] : it was replaced by the… … English World dictionary, Astrolabe — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Astrolabe (homonymie) et L Astrolabe. In the medieval Islamic world, they were used primarily for astronomical studies, as well as in other areas as diverse as astrology, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, Salah prayers, and Qibla. An alidade can be seen in the lower right illustration of the Persion astrolabe above. "Book Reviews", "Journal of Islamic Studies" 4 (2), p. 296-299. quote|"There is no evidence for the Hellenistic origin of the spherical astrolabe, but rather evidence so far available suggests that it may have been an early but distinctly Islamic development with no Greek antecedents."] However, given the complicated nature of the instrument, it is highly unlikely that any were actually constructed; at least none survive.The English author Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. Editors Edgar Laird, Robert Fischer. 920 AD), which was translated into Latin by Plato Tiburtinus ("De Motu Stellarum").The [http://www.soas.ac.uk/gallery/Previous/IslamicPatronage/19.html earliest surviving astrolabe] is dated AH 315 (927/8 AD). s. m. Instrument Astronomique, qui est un plan sur lequel sont decrits plusieurs cercles servant à faire des observations Astronomiques. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde das Instrument u. a. für die Weltlängenbestimmung verwendet, aber auch zur genauen Bestimmung von Sternkoordinaten. OK, The Collaborative International Dictionary of English, Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798. Above the mater and tympan, the "rete", a framework bearing a projection of the ecliptic plane and several pointers indicating the positions of the brightest stars, is free to rotate. Wegen seines hohen Gewichts kann es nur auf festen Standorten bzw. Many astronomical clocks, such as the famous clock at Prague, use an astrolabe-style display, adopting a stereographic projection (see below) of the ecliptic plane. [M. T. Houtsma and E. van Donzel (1993), " [http://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam] ", Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004082654] Early Christian recipients of Arab astronomy included Gerbert of Aurillac and Hermannus Contractus. Gr. At around the same time, Richard of Wallingford's clock (c. 1330) consisted essentially of a star map rotating behind a fixed rete, similar to that of an astrolabe.Fact|date=September 2008. Hambledon and London, 2005. [cite book | last = Glick et al., eds. 1343–1400) compiled a treatise on the astrolabe for his son, mainly based on Messahalla. Instrument Astronomique, dont on se sert pour observer la hauteur des Astres. Astrolabe perse du XVIIIe siècle … Wikipédia en Français, astrolabe — astrolabical /as treuh lab i keuhl, lay bi /, adj. In 1370, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe was written by the Jain astronomer Mahendra Suri. century. When the astrolabe is held vertically, the alidade can be rotated and a star sighted along its length, so that the star's altitude in degrees can be read ("taken") from the graduated edge of the astrolabe; hence "astro" = star + "labe" = to take.ee also*Antikythera mechanism*Armillary sphere*Astrarium*Astrology*Astronomical clock*Cosmolabe*Equatorium*Islamic astronomy*Orrery*Planetarium*Prague Orloj*Sextant*Sharafeddin Tusi, the inventor of the linear astrolabe*TorquetumNotesReferences*. On donne aussi le nom d Astrolabe à certaines projections de la Sphère … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798. astrolabe — Astrolabe. "Harvcoltxt|Krebs|Krebs|2003|p=56 "It is generally accepted that Greek astrologers, in either the first or second centuries BC, invented the "astrolabe", an instrument that measures the altitude of stars and planets above the horizon. The mariner's astrolabe was developed to address these issues. In the 15th century, the French instrument-maker Jean Fusoris (ca. Instrument Astronomique, dont on se sert pour observer la hauteur des Astres. King (1983). Some astrolabes have a narrow "rule" or "label" which rotates over the rete, and may be marked with a scale of declinations.The "rete", representing the sky, has the function of a star chart. Binghamton, New York, 1995, in Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies. Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) of Al-Andalus constructed the first universal astrolabe instrument which, unlike its predecessors, did not depend on the latitude of the observer, and could be used from anywhere on the Earth. Die erreichbare Genauigkeit ist besser als 0.1", im Mittel mehrerer Beobachtungsnächte sogar unter 0.05" (siehe auch Abendfehler). great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a Revue de presse. ISBN 0-86698-132-2, * King, Henry "Geared to the Stars: the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks" University of Toronto Press, 1978, * [http://www.astrolabes.org The Astrolabe] * [http://www.autodidacts.f2s.com/astro/ Keith's Astrolabe, a software astrolabe simulator and tutorial written in Java] * [http://www.rogivue.com/xoops/modules/news/article.php?storyid=13 A working model of the Dr. Ludwig Oechslin's Astrolabium Galileo Galilei watch] * [http://www.rogivue.com/xoops/modules/news/article.php?storyid=14 Ulysse Nardin Astrolabium Galilei Galileo: A Detailed Explanation] * [http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/astrolabe/ Fully illustrated online catalogue of world's largest collection of astrolabes] * [http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1187&bodyId=1326 Gerbert d'Aurillac's use of the Astrolabe] at [http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/ Convergence], ASTROLABE — Le «preneur d’étoiles» (astrolabos ), en forme de disque, est la combinaison d’un instrument de mesure et d’un système de projection stéréographique. s. mas. L’alidade, pièce de visée située au dos de l’instrument, est gravée à ses extrémités et munie de quatre petits clous qui permettent sa rotation. Published by John Lamprey, 2007. lamprey@frii.com. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danjon-Astrolab&oldid=174941623, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Wesentlich ist ein verbesserter Strahlengang und dass die Persönliche Gleichung des Beobachters weitgehend eliminiert wird. [1913 Webster]. Its many uses included locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and stars; determining local time given local latitude and vice-versa; surveying; and triangulation. | title = Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia | year = 2005 | publisher = Routledge | id = ISBN 0415969301 | pages = 464 | quote =] The first known European metal astrolabe was developed in the 15th century by Rabbi Abraham Zacuto in Lisbon. astrolabium, fr. Traité de l usage de l Astrolabe … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, astrolabe — mid 14c., from O.Fr. [1913 Webster], 2. astrolabos (organon) star taking (instrument), from astron star (see ASTRO (Cf. Continuing to use this site, you agree with this. Im Augenblick des Sterndurchgangs durch diesen Almukantarat treffen sich die Spuren des direkten und des spiegelbildes auf einer Höhe. In the 16th century, Johannes Stöffler published "Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii", a manual of the construction and use of the astrolabe. On the back of the mater there will often be engraved a number of scales which are useful in the astrolabe's various applications; these will vary from designer to designer, but might include curves for time conversions, a calendar for converting the day of the month to the sun's position on the ecliptic, trigonometric scales, and a graduation of 360 degrees around the back edge. astrelabe, from M.L. L’astrolabe planisphère de Ptolémée (IIe s.) présente une face graduée qui porte une alidade:… … Encyclopédie Universelle, Astrolabe — ist der Name dreier französischer Forschungsschiffe: Astrolabe (1781), eine umgebaute Fleute der französischen Marine Astrolabe (1811), das Schiff Jules Dumont d Urvilles auf seiner Antarktisexpedition Astrolabe (1986), ein Eisbrecher im aktiven… … Deutsch Wikipedia, astrolabe — ASTROLABE. At first mechanical astronomical clocks were influenced by the astrolabe; in many ways they could be seen as clockwork astrolabes designed to produce a continual display of the current position of the sun, stars, and planets. --Whewell. When the astrolabe is held vertically, the alidade can be rotated and a star sighted along its length, so that the star's altitude in degrees can be read ("taken") from the graduated edge of the astrolabe; hence "astro" = star + "labe" = to take. L’astrolabe planisphère de Ptolémée (IIe s.) présente une face graduée qui porte une alidade:… … Encyclopédie Universelle, Astrolabe — ist der Name dreier französischer Forschungsschiffe: Astrolabe (1781), eine umgebaute Fleute der französischen Marine Astrolabe (1811), das Schiff Jules Dumont d Urvilles auf seiner Antarktisexpedition Astrolabe (1986), ein Eisbrecher im aktiven… … Deutsch Wikipedia, Astrolabe — As tro*labe ([a^]s tr[ o]*l[=a]b), n. [OE. analemma)) … Etymology dictionary, astrolabe — ► NOUN ▪ an instrument formerly used for making astronomical measurements and in navigation for calculating latitude. A graduated circle with sights, for taking In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurde das Instrument u. a. für die Weltlängenbestimmung verwendet, aber auch zur genauen Bestimmung von Sternkoordinaten. *Antikythera mechanism*Armillary sphere*Astrarium*Astrology*Astronomical clock*Cosmolabe*Equatorium*Islamic astronomy*Orrery*Planetarium*Prague Orloj*Sextant*Sharafeddin Tusi, the inventor of the linear astrolabe*Torquetum, * Alessandro Gunella and John Lamprey, "Stoeffler's Elucidatio" (translation of Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii into English). 1. The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. In the 15th century, the French instrument-maker Jean Fusoris (ca. In 1985 Swiss watchmaker Dr. Ludwig Oechslin designed and built an [http://www.ulysse-nardin.com/watch.jsp?ID_Page=100011_100002_10001J astrolabe wristwatch] in conjunction with Ulysse Nardin. It … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English, astrolabe — ASTROLABE. Binghamton, New York, 1995, in Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies. An early rudimentary astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the first or second centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. Metal astrolabes improved on the accuracy of their wooden precursors. Some historians attribute its invention to Hipparchus"], Brass astrolabes ( _ar. … ORIGIN Latin astrolabium, from Greek astrolabos star taking … English terms dictionary, astrolabe — [as′trō lāb΄, as′trəlāb΄] n. [ME astrelabie < OFr astrelabe < ML astrolabium < Gr astrolabon < astron, STAR + lambanein, to take: see LATCH] an instrument formerly used to find the altitude of a star, etc. ISBN 0-86698-132-2 * King, Henry "Geared to the Stars: the evolution of planetariums, orreries, and astronomical clocks" University of Toronto Press, 1978External links* [http://www.astrolabes.org The Astrolabe] * [http://www.autodidacts.f2s.com/astro/ Keith's Astrolabe, a software astrolabe simulator and tutorial written in Java] * [http://www.rogivue.com/xoops/modules/news/article.php?storyid=13 A working model of the Dr. Ludwig Oechslin's Astrolabium Galileo Galilei watch] * [http://www.rogivue.com/xoops/modules/news/article.php?storyid=14 Ulysse Nardin Astrolabium Galilei Galileo: A Detailed Explanation] * [http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/astrolabe/ Fully illustrated online catalogue of world's largest collection of astrolabes] * [http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1187&bodyId=1326 Gerbert d'Aurillac's use of the Astrolabe] at [http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/ Convergence]. astro )) + lambanien to take (see ANALEMMA (Cf. 2000. Jusque vers 1650, il était l'instrument astronomique le plus commun jusqu'à ce qu'il soit remplacé par des instruments plus précis. It is now superseded by the quadrant and Traité de l usage de l Astrolabe … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, astrolabe — mid 14c., from O.Fr. It was furnished with a plumb line and a double chord for making angular measurements and bore a perforated pointer. In the 10th century, al-Sufi first described over 1,000 different uses of an astrolabe, in areas as diverse as astronomy, astrology, horoscopes, navigation, surveying, timekeeping, prayer, Salah, Qibla, etc. Four identical 16th century astrolabes made by Georg Hartmann provide some of the earliest evidence for batch production by division of labor. astro )) + lambanien to take (see ANALEMMA (Cf. ASTROLABE — Le «preneur d’étoiles» (astrolabos ), en forme de disque, est la combinaison d’un instrument de mesure et d’un système de projection stéréographique. Hambledon and London, 2005. Das Danjon-Astrolab (Astrolabe Impersonnel) ist ein astro-geodätisches Präzisionsinstrument zur gleichzeitigen Breiten- und Längenbestimmung. Four identical 16th century astrolabes made by Georg Hartmann provide some of the earliest evidence for batch production by division of labor. [Emilie Savage-Smith (1993). Wie andere Astrolabien und das Zirkumzenital dient das Danjon-Astrolab der genauen Messung von Sterndurchgängen durch eine konstante Zenitdistanz, woraus die beiden Parameter der Lotrichtung (Astronomische Breite und Länge) berechnet werden. An astrolabe consists of a hollow disk, called the "mater" (mother), which is deep enough to hold one or more flat plates called "tympans", or "climates". | title = Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia | year = 2005 | publisher = Routledge | id = ISBN 0415969301 | pages = 464 | quote =]. Astrolabe perse du XVIIIe siècle … Wikipédia en Français, Astrolabe — The astrolabe is a historical astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. On connaît plusieurs astrolabes signés. While the astrolabe could be useful for determining latitude on land, it was an awkward instrument for use on the heaving deck of a ship or in wind. The English author Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. * John North. An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. There is often confusion between the astrolabe and the mariner's astrolabe. [Harvcoltxt|Evans|1998|pp=155 "The astrolabe was in fact an invention of the ancient Greeks. The first printed book on the astrolabe was "Composition and Use of Astrolabe" by Cristannus de Prachaticz, also using Messahalla, but relatively original. astrolabie, astrilabe, OF. Continuing to use this site, you agree with this. Construction d'un astrolabe en carton 1 - Le verso de la mère, le tympan et le limbe. : it was replaced by the… … English World dictionary, Astrolabe — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Astrolabe (homonymie) et L Astrolabe. Traité de l usage de l Astrolabe. sphere. astrolabos (organon) star taking (instrument), from astron star (see ASTRO (Cf. "MacTutor|id=Al-Tusi_Sharaf|title=Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar al-Tusi] The first geared mechanical astrolabe was later invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan in 1235.Silvio A. Bedini, Francis R. Maddison (1966). /as treuh layb /, n. an astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from… … Universalium, We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. A complete rotation represents the passage of one day. * Alessandro Gunella and John Lamprey, "Stoeffler's Elucidatio" (translation of Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii into English). Ressources Liens . Published by John Lamprey, 2007. Plan du site . King (1983). The rim of the mater is typically graduated into hours of time, or degrees of arc, or both. /as treuh layb /, n. an astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from… … Universalium, We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. Its many uses included locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and stars; determining local time given local … Wikipedia, astrolabe — astrolabical /as treuh lab i keuhl, lay bi /, adj. L'astrolabe planisphérique. Note: Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary Peter of Maricourt in the last half of the thirteenth century also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal astrolabe ("Nova compositio astrolabii particularis"). The first known European metal astrolabe was developed in the 15th century by Rabbi Abraham Zacuto in Lisbon. Peter of Maricourt in the last half of the thirteenth century also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal astrolabe ("Nova compositio astrolabii particularis"). The astrolabe is a historical astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. The "alidade" is attached to the back face. Contacts . "God's Clockmaker, Richard of Wallingford and the invention of time." lamprey@frii.com*.*. p. 163] The mathematical background was established by the Arab astronomer, Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius), in his treatise "Kitab az-Zij" (ca. The "alidade" is attached to the back face. Atelier instrumental et documentaire. The astrolabe is therefore a predecessor of the modern planisphere.On the back of the mater there will often be engraved a number of scales which are useful in the astrolabe's various applications; these will vary from designer to designer, but might include curves for time conversions, a calendar for converting the day of the month to the sun's position on the ecliptic, trigonometric scales, and a graduation of 360 degrees around the back edge. The first person credited with building the astrolabe in the Islamic world is reportedly the 8th century Persian mathematician, Muhammad al-Fazari. planisphere. When it is rotated, the stars and the ecliptic move over the projection of the coordinates on the tympan. However, given the complicated nature of the instrument, it is highly unlikely that any were actually constructed; at least none survive. A tympan is made for a specific latitude and is engraved with a stereographic projection of circular lines of equal azimuth and altitude representing the portion of the celestial sphere which is above the local horizon. Die Beobachtung der Sterndurchgänge erfolgt nicht an einem Fadennetz, sondern durch Koinzidenz des direkten und des an einem Quecksilberhorizont gespiegelten Sternbildchens. In regelmäßigen Zeitabständen werden die Zeitpunkte elektronisch registriert. Ibn al-Shatir constructed the earliest astrolabic clock in the early 14th century. The astrolabe was introduced to other parts of Europe via Al-Andalus in the 11th century. astrolabium, from Gk. Quelques conseils pour réussir les constructions en carton. * Critical edition of "Pelerin de Prusse on the Astrolabe" (translation of "Practique de Astralabe"). "God's Clockmaker, Richard of Wallingford and the invention of time." A tympan is made for a specific latitude and is engraved with a stereographic projection of circular lines of equal azimuth and altitude representing the portion of the celestial sphere which is above the local horizon. [David A. 1-69.] Die Auswertung erfolgt nach der Methode gleicher Höhen. On donne aussi le nom d Astrolabe à certaines projections de la Sphère … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798, astrolabe — Astrolabe. * John North. astrola bon; a stron star + ?, ?, to take.] On donne aussi le nom d Astrolabe à certaines projections de la Sphère … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798, astrolabe — Astrolabe. At around the same time, Richard of Wallingford's clock (c. 1330) consisted essentially of a star map rotating behind a fixed rete, similar to that of an astrolabe.Fact|date=September 2008Many astronomical clocks, such as the famous clock at Prague, use an astrolabe-style display, adopting a stereographic projection (see below) of the ecliptic plane.In 1985 Swiss watchmaker Dr. Ludwig Oechslin designed and built an [http://www.ulysse-nardin.com/watch.jsp?ID_Page=100011_100002_10001J astrolabe wristwatch] in conjunction with Ulysse Nardin.ConstructionAn astrolabe consists of a hollow disk, called the "mater" (mother), which is deep enough to hold one or more flat plates called "tympans", or "climates". Il était un instrument de navigation typique qui a été utilisé par Christophe Colomb et Vasco de Gama. Theon of Alexandria wrote a detailed treatise on the astrolabe, and Harvcoltxt|Lewis|2001 argues that Ptolemy used an astrolabe to make the astronomical observations recorded in the "Tetrabiblos". "The Astronomy of the Mamluks", "Isis" 74 (4), p. 531-555 [545-546] .] The rim of the mater is typically graduated into hours of time, or degrees of arc, or both. Das etwa einen halben Meter hohe, drehbar auf Fußschrauben montierte Instrument ist eine Weiterentwicklung des Prismenastrolabiums von Claude und Driencourt. Astrolabe perse du XVIIIe siècle … Wikipédia en Français astrolabe — astrolabical /as treuh lab i keuhl, lay bi /, adj. auf einem massiven Messpfeiler eingesetzt werden. s. mas. Topics: Histoire des sciences, astrolabe, histoire des techniques, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History L'astrolabe est très développée dans les années 800 dans le monde islamique et introduit siècle de l'Espagne islamique (al-Andalus) en Europe au début des années 12. In the Islamic world, astrolabes were used to find the times of sunrise and the rising of fixed stars, to help schedule morning prayers (salat). Page d'accueil Atelier instrumental et documentaire Constructions en carton Astrolabe. astrolabium, from Gk. When it is rotated, the stars and the ecliptic move over the projection of the coordinates on the tympan. Astrolabes and clocks At first mechanical astronomical clocks were influenced by the astrolabe; in many ways they could be seen as clockwork astrolabes designed to produce a continual display of the current position of the sun, stars, and planets. Some astrolabes have a narrow "rule" or "label" which rotates over the rete, and may be marked with a scale of declinations. [David A. Astrologers of the European nations used astrolabes to construct horoscopes. März 2018 um 14:03 Uhr bearbeitet. ORIGIN Latin astrolabium, from Greek astrolabos star taking … English terms dictionary, astrolabe — [as′trō lāb΄, as′trəlāb΄] n. [ME astrelabie < OFr astrelabe < ML astrolabium < Gr astrolabon < astron, STAR + lambanein, to take: see LATCH] an instrument formerly used to find the altitude of a star, etc. An alidade can be seen in the lower right illustration of the Persion astrolabe above. Literatur. L'attention au détail, l'intérêt historique et la beauté des formes sont les caractéristiques de cette belle astrolabe marin. 892-902). The astrolabe is therefore a predecessor of the modern planisphere. [cite book | last = Glick et al., eds. [Richard Nelson Frye: Golden Age of Persia. The first printed book on the astrolabe was "Composition and Use of Astrolabe" by Cristannus de Prachaticz, also using Messahalla, but relatively original.In 1370, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe was written by the Jain astronomer Mahendra Suri. Above the mater and tympan, the "rete", a framework bearing a projection of the ecliptic plane and several pointers indicating the positions of the brightest stars, is free to rotate. * Critical edition of "Pelerin de Prusse on the Astrolabe" (translation of "Practique de Astralabe"). altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th (Astron.) This instrument became known in Europe as the "Saphaea". Traité de l usage de l Astrolabe. OK, The Collaborative International Dictionary of English, Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798. The "rete", representing the sky, has the function of a star chart. Zur Steigerung der Genauigkeit dient ein mit einer Mikrometerschraube gekoppeltes Wollaston-Prisma, mit dem der Beobachter die Koinzidenz über längere Zeit aufrecht halten kann. The same source was translated by the French astronomer and astrologer Pelerin de Prusse and others. The earliest description of the spherical astrolabe dates back to Al-Nayrizi (fl. astrelabe, from M.L. 1343–1400) compiled a treatise on the astrolabe for his son, mainly based on Messahalla. Ibn al-Shatir constructed the earliest astrolabic clock in the early 14th century. "Mechanical Universe: The Astrarium of Giovanni de' Dondi", "Transactions of the American Philosophical Society" 56 (5), p. 1365–1436) also started selling astrolabes in his shop in Paris, along with portable sundials and other popular scientific gadgets of the day.In the 16th century, Johannes Stöffler published "Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii", a manual of the construction and use of the astrolabe. The same source was translated by the French astronomer and astrologer Pelerin de Prusse and others. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a Astrolabe — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Astrolabe (homonymie) et L Astrolabe. André Danjon: L'Astrolabe Impersonnel de L'Observatoire de Paris, Bulletin astronomique Bd.XV, p.251-281, Paris 1954 The spherical astrolabe, a variation of both the astrolabe and the armillary sphere, was invented during the Middle Ages by astronomers and inventors in the Islamic world. s. m. Instrument Astronomique, qui est un plan sur lequel sont decrits plusieurs cercles servant à faire des observations Astronomiques. اسطرلاب asterlab, ostorlab) were developed in the medieval Islamic world, chiefly as an aid to navigation and as a way of finding the qibla, the direction of Mecca.
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