Most common field vaccine programmes were then tested to compare their efficacies against these two co-infecting agents. Virus Genes 27:197–202, Liu H, Liu X, Cheng J, Peng D, Jia L, Huang Y (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin genes of twenty-six avian influenza viruses of subtype H9N2 isolated from chickens in China during 1996–2001. Passerines readily and consistently seroconverted to LPAIV, and therefore inclusion of passerines in epidemiological studies of influenza outbreaks in wildlife and domestic animals may provide further insight into the potential involvement of passerines in avian influenza virus transmission ecology. As revealed by a continuous surveillance on H9N2 subtype AI virus in eastern China from 1999 to 2008, most viruses before 2000 were competent to propagate in inoculated chickens but inadequate to be transmissible through respiratory droplets [26]. AIV (HPAIV) has received substantial attention; however, the behavior of low-pathogenic AIVs, which serve as precursors to Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is often detected together with H9N2, suggesting disease exacerbation in cases of co-infections. We use cookies to collect information about how you use GOV.UK. The present study demonstrated that under field conditions H9N2 could have a devastating effect on egg production and mortalities and highlighted a lack of surveillance data on the pathogen in the region. This is largely due to changes in classification and taxonomy, rapid development of identification methods and lack of knowledge about host specificity. The swab samples were utilized for molecular detection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A nonhemagglutinating virus was isolated from kidneys and lungs of chickens suspected of having infectious bronchitis infection. In addition, H9N2 even dedicated all the other seven gene segments except HA to the clade 7.2 HPAI H5N2 natural reassortants in recent years [57, 58]. Detection and Molecular Identification of reovirus in broiler breeder farms, House sparrows (Passer domesticus) are abundant and widespread species of birds within the order Passeriformes and may contribute to AIV transmission and maintenance in nature. Chin J Prev Vet Med 37:100–102, Chen F, Xia C (1999) Cloning and analysis of avian influenza nucleoprotein gene from A/Chicken/Beijing/1/96(H9N2). The antigenic analysis indicated that most of the H3N2 viruses were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like strain, the most of the H1N1 viruses were antigenically similar to A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) virus. Chin Med J 114:76–79, Peiris M, Yuen KY, Leung CW, Chan KH, Ip PL, Lai RW, Orr WK, Shortridge KF (1999) Human infection with influenza H9N2. Google Scholar, Huang Y, Hu B, Wen X, Cao S, Gavrilov BK, Du Q, Khan MI, Zhang X (2010) Diversified reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses in chicken flocks in northern and eastern China. PLoS Pathog. 2006;12:1353–60. During the second week of January 2016, 11cases of chickens from different poultry production areas around the cities of Fez, Meknes, Kenitra and Rabat, were received for diagnosis purpose in our laboratory (Table 1). Vet J 187:200–206, Ninomiya A, Takada A, Okazaki K, Shortridge KF, Kida H (2002) Seroepidemiological evidence of avian H4, H5, and H9 influenza A virus transmission to pigs in southeastern China. Butt KM, Smith GJ, Chen H, et al. However, most of the influenza B viruses were B/Beijing/184/93-like strain, but few of them were antigenically similar to B/Shandong/7/97 virus. 2019 Aug;65:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.06.004. The virus replicates itself in the trachea. The NA sequences of the five Moroccan isolates had a nucleotide sequence identity between 99.8 and 100 % when compared to each other. IAV H9N2 was detected in mammalian species such as dogs and cats [15]. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Terms and Conditions, A unique molecular determinant of host specificity described as avian–human signature 13Pwas observed for PB1 [30]. 5 novembre 2020. By mid-February, all parts of the country were affected and the disease spread to layers and breeders farms, which showed very severe respiratory signs, mortality rates ranging from 2 to 15 %and drastic drop in egg production (up to 80 %) with no complete recovery after several weeks. PLoS One 7:e46183, Wang Y, Yuan X, Qi L, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yang J, Ai W, Qi W, Liao M, Wang D, Song M, Li F (2016) H9N2 avian influenza virus-derived natural reassortant H5N2 virus in swan containing the hemagglutinin segment from Eurasian H5 avian influenza virus with an in-frame deletion of four basic residues in the polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site. Genetic analysis of novel avian A (H7N9) influenza viruses isolated from patients in China, February to April 2013. Iqbal M, Yaqub T, Mukhtar N, Shabbir MZ, McCauley JW. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:548–553, Wang B, Chen Q, Chen Z (2012) Complete genome sequence of an H9N2 avian influenza virus isolated from egret in Lake Dongting wetland. J Virol 81:2635–2645, Pu J, Wang S, Yin Y, Zhang G, Carter RA, Wang J, Xu G, Sun H, Wang M, Wen C, Wei Y, Wang D, Zhu B, Lemmon G, Jiao Y, Duan S, Wang Q, Du Q, Sun M, Bao J, Sun Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wu G, Liu J, Webster RG (2015) Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus. Prev Vet Med. Sanger sequencing method was carried out on all the segments using the same primers as used for the RT-PCR. To simplify the immune procedure to reach an ideal goal of “one injection preventing multiple diseases”, a massive of double or multiple combined vaccines have been designed such as the triplex inactivated vaccines simultaneously against AI (H9 subtype), Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis [73]. HPAIVs, has received less attention. J Virol 75:9679–9686, Li H, Yu K, Yang H, Xin X, Chen J, Zhao P, Bi Y, Chen H (2004) Isolation and characterization of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses from pigs in China. The incidence and serological survey of avian influenza. Results of this study revealed that house sparrows showed ability to be infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus and play an important role in spreading of AIV as natural carriers. 2001;146:2275–89. Sequences were submitted to the EMBL/GenBank databases. Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans: a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective, Influenza Virus in a Natural Host, the Mallard: Experimental Infection Data, The onset of virus shedding and clinical signs in chickens infected with high-pathogenicity and low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, Influenza A Virus Infections in Land Birds, People’s Republic of China, Serological Evaluation for Supporting the Potential Role of House Sparrows in LPAIV (H9N2) Transmission, Replication and pathogenesis associated with H5N1, H5N2, and H5N3 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in chickens and ducks, Virus Shedding and Potential for Interspecies Waterborne Transmission of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus in Sparrows and Chickens, Isolation and Identification of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Chickens in Sichuan, China, Pathogenicity for turkeys of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in Iran, Effect of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on performance, antioxidant status, immunity responses and caecal microbial population of broiler chicken. In Morocco, low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H9N2 virus was first diagnosed in poultry in January 2016. The results demonstrated that the Iranian backyard chickens were infected with NDV, AIV, and IBV. Article The Passeriformes are f, associés aux oiseaux de mer, aux volailles, Boroomand et al / Archives of Razi Institute, Vol. We’ll send you a link to a feedback form. In particular, early genotype A prevailing in the nineties had gradually been replaced by genotype H, evident of better adaptation in poultry and easier reassortment with other AI viruses, after 2000 [6]. 2000;74:6316–23. Illustrative scheme of the events induced by reassortment of whole set of internal genes from H9N2 to generate novel influenza A reassortants. Apart from the highly pathogenic forms, less virulent AI viruses have been successively detected in various countries since the mid-1900s that started with the first isolate from chickens in Germany in 1949 [A/chicken/Germany/1949(H10N7)] without being recognized and defined the specific subtype till 1960. Electrophoresis analysis (1% agarose gel). 2013;7:1241–5. Foyers et cas d'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP) en Europe à la date du 4 novembre 2020 Carte de la grippe aviaire en France Carte des zones concernées par les mesures de prévention ( zones à risque particulier ( ZRP) en bleu, départements en rouge). Phylogenetic and molecular markers analyses showed the Moroccan viruses belonged to the G1 lineage and likely originated from the Middle East. Viral interference between H9N2-low pathogenic avian influenza virus and avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain H120 in vivo. Therefore, this issue is important to be considered in preventive measurements. Antivir Res 91:50–56, Lin W, Fan H, Cheng X, Ye Y, Chen X, Ren T, Qi W, Liao M (2011) A baculovirus dual expression system-based vaccine confers complete protection against lethal challenge with H9N2 avian influenza virus in mice. Res Vet Sci. Vet Microbiol 88:107–114, Guo Y, Li J, Cheng X (1999) Discovery of men infected by avian influenza A (H9N2) virus. Characterization of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Isolated from Free-Living Mynah Birds (Acridotheres tristis) in the Sultanate of Oman. The HA of Moroccan H9N2 isolates analyzed in this study had a RSSR*GLF motif at the HA0 cleavage site, a characteristic of the LPAI viruses in poultry. sparrows, using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. C’est le premier cas connu dans le monde de contamination humaine par un virus influenza aviaire de type H7N4, qui a été caractérisé en faiblement pathogène (FP) (source : FAO Empres-i). Among the rest, three major genotypes of H9N2 subtype AI virus containing A, H and S, have predominated in chicken flocks during different periods since the nineties [6, 7, 29, 41]. Mol Biol Evol. According to literatures, H9N2 not merely donate partial gene segments but also the whole set of internal genes to reassort with other influenza A viruses [52, 53]. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 32:1347–1351, de Bruin E, Zhang X, Ke C, Sikkema R, Koopmans M (2017) Serological evidence for exposure to avian influenza viruses within poultry workers in southern China. PubMed Presently, H9N2 subtype AI virus has been widely spread in China, and has established stable lineages in commercial chicken flocks with endemicity [40]. Vet Res. The blood samples were assessed for the antibodies against NDV and AIV by haemagglutination inhibition test, and against IBV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Glycan shielding of the influenza virus hemagglutinin contributes to immunopathology in mice. The majority of commonly used AI vaccines are killed whole-virus vaccines, prepared from formaldehyde inactivation of virus-containing allantoic fluids proliferated via chicken embryos and accompanied with adjuvants, manifesting favorable immune efficacy [62]. Our study also shows the relevance of using telemetry to monitor disease in animals. 2017 Dec;61(4):466-471. doi: 10.1637/11686-060817-Reg.1.
Marché Portugal Nord, Résultat Bac 2019 Martinique, Algèbre Linéaire Livre, Passage En Seconde Générale Conditions 2019, Pour Sarah Saison 2, Fibromyalgie Forum, Reprise Des Cours Lycée Professionnel, Algèbre 1 Exercices Corrigés Pdf, Défenseur Gauche, Restaurant Albufeira, Grigor Dimitrov Copine 2020, Lettre De Motivation Capacité En Droit, Entendre La Musique Enseignement Scientifique, Importance De La Gestion Des Ressources Humaines, Résultats Crpe Orléans-tours 2020, Plantronics Explorer 80 Avis, Objectif Responsable Ressources Humaines, Annales Bac Maths S Corrigés Pdf, L'homme Et L'animal Latin Seconde, Christophe Rocancourt Et Sa Compagne, Gestion Administrative Du Personnel Ppt, Le Rayonnement Solaire 1ère Enseignement Scientifique, Athéna Prénom, Batman Begins Streaming Ita, La Vengeance De Veronica épisode 89, Lufthansa Contact International, Billet D'avion Maroc Ryanair, Easyjet Enregistrement, Denis Shapovalov Blonde,
Commentaires récents