transcendance immanence

Définition immanence : L’immanencedésigne le fait de ce qui a son principe en lui-même. It is less obvious that immanence is a value term, but ubiquity, "being everywhere," comes closer to expressing a unique property. We here confront a deep divergence between that theism pervasive in Scholasticism (with Bonaventure producing the most thoroughgoing attempt to interpret divine love), and found also in medieval Islamic and Jewish writings, and the theism that I call neoclassical, which has been set forth by some recent philosophers and theologians (e.g., Nikolai Berdiaev, Alfred North Whitehead, Rudolf Otto, Otto Pfleiderer, John Oman, Alfred Ernest Garvie, and Edgar S. Brightman). To understand the steady loss of support by philosophers (beginning with Hume and Kant) for classical theism (which denies dual transcendence), this lack of cogency is important. Religion is a two-story affair, to adapt a phrase from James Feibleman. It is very well arguable that no knowledge of finite things could, without contradiction, be considered absolutely infinite. The suggestion in Webster's, attributed to "idealists," is that the divine presence is "like that of a conscious self in the world of that self." Whitehead's assertion that "to attribute mere happiness to God is a profanation" hints at this rejection of Anselm's doctrine, and his further statement that "God is the fellow sufferer who understands" makes the contrast quite clear. The maxim, without ever being so stated, perhaps, was "Let us find the view that is most hopelessly wrong and affirm the opposite." God is uniquely excellent, without possible rival or equal. Nor need it be contradictory to attribute both of these contrasting properties to God. He said in his sermon that God is unchanging in "ethical" goodness but increases in "aesthetic" value, which I took to mean in the richness or beauty of the divine experience of the world as new creatures come into being. In Asia, where Leibniz has not as yet had much influence, there seems to be no comparably well-articulated doctrine of realistic idealism that can be called theistic. Thanks Bob. God, however, is in principle superior to any animal. 16 Oct. 2020 . “And the true God is distinct, set apart, from all that is evil. If we could not be absolute (independent) or infinite in the divine sense, neither could we be relative or finite in the divine sense. Définition transcendance : La transcendance désigne le fait que tout être ou tout chose dépend d’un principe extérieur, situé “au-delà”. Both these sets of descriptors fully apply to God. Transcendent Experiences: Phenomenology and Critique. The new physics (and even classical physics as interpreted by Clerk Maxwell, Reichenbach, Peirce, Whitehead, Sudarshan, and others) seems to harmonize better with this doctrine than did classical physics as it was usually interpreted by philosophers. It is in part an empirical and historical matter, concerned with contingent fact about human nature and traditions. Belief in the divine uniqueness can survive the admission that it is not change but certain kinds of change, not dependence but certain kinds of dependence, that are excluded by the divine excellence. I’ll be looking more into your work and ministry. Consider just two texts: John 1:14 – The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. What we are and what God cannot be is fragmentary. He acts in this world and dwells with his people. The divine excellence requires immunity to negative change, to loss or degeneration; but does it require an incapacity for any and every kind of good change, every kind of increase in value? The distinction between dynamic singulars—all of which are sentient—and their groups or aggregates depends, for Leibniz, on the primitive form of the atomic theory then entertained by physicists and also upon the discovery by Leeuwenhoek of the realm of microscopic animals. Heschel's view is remarkably close to the neoclassical view, although both doctrines were worked out independently. This argument presupposes for its force that we have a positive idea of a maximum of value such that no additional value would be possible. Both these sets of descriptors fully apply to God. It is fair to add that there is no agreement in the West on the reality of divine love. Stone, Jerome Arthur. He is implacable and utterly opposed to all that is evil and sinful. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. Most believers would pr…, The concept of providence expresses the idea that divine knowledge, will, and goodness are at work in the design and governance of the world. We must embrace him in both his transcendence and his immanence. Plato is not relative to us, but that is Plato's total ignorance of us; we constitute nothing of Plato's being, whereas, by his knowledge of and hence relativity to them, Parmenides and many others whom he did know contributed much to his wonderfully comprehensive awareness. The denial that love, however generalized, can characterize deity is implied by Plato, who, in his Symposium, interprets love as the longing for absolute beauty and hence a confession of imperfection. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. Bloomington, 2003. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/transcendence-and-immanence. Dual transcendence removes some of the traditional paradoxes, especially if we include a clear doctrine of freedom as well as of more or less humble forms of sentience and feeling for all dynamic singulars in nature. La transcendance évoque l’idée de nécessaire effort pour établir u… Faulconer, James E., ed. Immanence, defined as "presence in the world … in pantheism is thought of as uniform, God … equally present in the personal and the impersonal, in the evil and the good. Contradiction occurs only if a subject is said to have a property and a contrary property in the same respect; otherwise contradiction does not obtain. And if it be said that God, in deciding to have free creatures instead of unfree creatures, is indirectly responsible for evil, the reply is that for the new type of idealism "unfree creature" is an ill-formed formula. And everywhere Jesus and the gospel writers assume that God indeed is an entity – a proper noun. The present climate of opinion suggests the need for reconsidering many an old controversy and for questioning not only certain assumptions of classical theologians but also some of those of classical atheists or agnostics, including Hume, Kant, Marx, Comte, Russell, and Nietzsche. Searching for the Divine in Contemporary Philosophy: Tensions between the Immanent and the Transcendent. . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Seligman, Adam B. Modernity's Wager; Authority, and Transcendence. Here are just a few: Deuteronomy 4:39 – Acknowledge and take to heart this day that the LORD is God in heaven above and on the earth below. I lead worship in a charismatic church and have strong feelings that modern worship is lacking a focus on the transcendent nature of God. Leibniz may well have realized the philosophical meaning of Leeuwenhoek's discoveries better than some philosophers do now. I was touched by your beautiful and well-expressed comments on this subject, and wonder if you would allow me to quote a relatively small portion of your words. This proposal (in the Timaeus ) was, however, seldom followed until recent times, and was rejected by Whitehead. The more cultural immanence is emphasized, the more the view moves towards pantheism (everything is god) as contrasted with theism (God is a distinct being). When this man began talking to me about "love" as a theological term I asked him what he meant by the word. Perhaps we can leave the doctrine of māyā to the Indians, who are by no means in agreement on the subject. The entire cosmos may be spatially finite; and even a beginningless past would be in a sense finite compared to the infinity of all that is conceivable. ." Malcolm. Freedom to do this seems nonsensical when affirmed of God. But still there are puzzles. Origen thought God had created an infinity of universes in succession and never lacked relation to some actual creatures. This site is meant to express my point of view. The second will include 25 more. It involved two monks of the modern Bengali sect of Hinduism whose views harmonized with the idea of a deity both unchanging and yet in some respects changing. The two ideas must be kept together in biblical balance. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. But thankfully for us, God is not just transcendent; he is also immanent. He actually became what we are so that we might become like he is, as Athanasius put it. God is wholly present with and active in the created order. Purchase at Amazon.com Furthermore, the distinction between awareness as feeling and awareness as pure thought or knowledge is problematic. His moral perfection is absolute. Unlike the conception of God in many other religious systems, Christianity gives us a nice balance of both truths. Thanks Malcolm. Plato (not the scriptures) proposed the argument "God must be perfect, hence any change would have to be either for the worse or without value, meaningless." Purchase from Bill Muehlenberg To know others without intuiting their feelings is scarcely knowledge at all, and such an ability would hardly seem likely as an essential quality of an indestructible cosmic subject upon which all others radically depend. If he did, the analogy with Whitehead was close. Denying this radical dependence of God for very existence leaves quite open the possibility of a dependence for qualities not necessary to the divine existence. In metaphysics,…, Few concepts are as widely disputed as that of God. Panentheism, (Gr. Encyclopedia of Religion. God is near yet far; majestic yet approachable; greatly to be feared, yet easily to be loved. I am certainly in a stronger position to consider how science relates to Him and this article has played a large part in this. "I mean," he said, "the consciousness of consciousness, the thinking of thinking, the … of.…" I am not sure, but he may have said, "the feeling of feeling." We human animals are social, and it has with some justice been said that an absolutely nonsocial animal does not exist. To demand that God be, in every respect, immutable is to imply that there is no form of the capacity to change without which a being would be defective, or even a mere abstraction, not a concrete, actual being. His character as expressed in his will forms the absolute standard of moral excellence. It was taken for granted that truth is an extreme with error its opposite. Can a fragment of reality comprehend the encompassing? "Transcendence and Immanence He is in me and yet I can call upon Him too from heaven! Hence God is in all and all is in God. And his work on the cross, along with his resurrection, shows how God took great efforts to restore our relationship to himself, to allow us to again enjoy his immanence. There is no other. He is sovereign and infinite and we are not. If you are looking for a soapbox to promote your own views, create your own website or blog site. The famous negative way, the via negativa, must, after all, be supplemented by something positive, or we may end up worshiping a mere nothing or a mere verbal formula. Readers are welcome to post comments on the material posted here, but some simple rules apply: If you are happy to abide by these rules, then by all means, send in your comments. He is holy and we are not. Change in God seems to imply, and Berdiaev hints at this, a divine kind of time. His transcendence, as noted, has a moral dimension: he is majestic, perfectly good, holy and pure. As Aristotle said, knowledge of contingent things is conditioned by the reality of the things known. Voyons les conséquences de ces définitions : 1. Hence an all-knowing God must be in some sense or respect finite. Plato's phrase for such an unincreasable, unsurpassable value was "absolute beauty." Ringwood Central, Vic. Only Christianity has the right mix. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. We must embrace him in both his transcendence and his immanence. With a stroke of genius, Leibniz generalized this and held that larger animals consist of smaller animals (in a generalized sense), thus anticipating the cell theory established much later. Unfortunately, the term idealism is still often applied to the now antiquated doctrine presupposed by the editors of Webster's. John 8:23 – You are from below, I am from above; you are of this world, I am not of this world. The objection to this once-popular view is that since any creatures are better than none (that being as such is primarily good and only secondarily bad is a classical doctrine), God would be making the worst possible choice by not creating at all. It is humanly difficult to admit this confusion. Ce principe supérieur est inconnu et difficilement accessible. So biblical Christianity of necessity must reject all concepts such as pantheism, panentheism, and the like. In India, however, there are also various proponents of pluralism. Decision making, freedom, cannot be monopolized. 791–792; see also in the same work my articles "Hume, David," "Omnipotence," "Omnipresence," and "Perfect, Perfection," as well as Herman Hausheer's "Fechner, Gustav Theodor.". To deny his transcendence and affirm his immanence is to arrive at pantheism. Edgar S. Brightman's The Problem of God (Nashville, 1930) is an approximation to the dual transcendence view; see also Brightman's A Philosophy of Religion (1940; Westport, Conn., 1969), especially chapters 7, 10, and 11, for a fine historical sketch of the idea that God must have finite as well as infinite aspects. One way, in practice taken by some of the wisest philosophers, is to suspect extreme views and look for a "middle way" between opposite extremes.

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