"[257][258] In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Saudi Arabia, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. [155], The royal family is politically divided by factions based on clan loyalties, personal ambitions and ideological differences. Shortly thereafter, Saudi Arabia began exporting wheat to some 30 countries, including China and the former Soviet Union, and in the major producing areas of Tabuk, Hail and Qasim, average yields reached 8.1 tonnes per hectare (3.6 short ton/acre). [147] Royal decrees supplement Sharia in areas such as labor, commercial and corporate law. [401], Serious large-scale agricultural development began in the 1970s. [352] The CIA World Factbook estimates 2,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi) and lists Saudi Arabia as the world's 13th-largest state. [464] Over 500,000 undocumented migrant workers — mostly from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen — have been detained and deported since 2013. [233][234], According to Sir William Patey, former British ambassador to Saudi Arabia, the kingdom funds mosques throughout Europe that have become hotbeds of extremism. The 334-square kilometre city will include a safari and a Six Flags theme park. [308] In April 2016, Saudi Arabia has threatened to sell off $750 billion in Treasury securities and other US assets if Congress passes a bill that would allow the Saudi government to be sued over 9/11. [461] Saudi Arabia expelled 800,000 Yemenis in 1990 and 1991[462] and has built a Saudi–Yemen barrier against an influx of illegal immigrants and against the smuggling of drugs and weapons. [169][170] Prince Bandar denied the allegations. [324] In 2016, the European Parliament decided to temporarily impose an arms embargo against Saudi Arabia, as a result of the Yemen civilian population's suffering from the conflict with Saudi Arabia. At Jizan in the country's well-watered southwest, the Al-Hikmah Research Station is producing tropical fruits including pineapples, paw-paws, bananas, mangoes and guavas. Statistics on poverty in the kingdom are not available through the UN resources because the Saudi government does not issue any. Saudi Arabia's command economy is petroleum-based; roughly 63%[379] of budget revenues and 67%[380] of export earnings come from the oil industry. Women do not have equal rights to men in the kingdom; the U.S. State Department considers Saudi Arabian government's discrimination against women a "significant problem" in Saudi Arabia and notes that women have few political rights due to the government's discriminatory policies. [241] On 20 May 2017, President Donald Trump and King Salman signed a series of letters of intent for Saudi Arabia to purchase arms from the United States totaling US$110 billion immediately,[242] and $350 billion over 10 years. What exactly do we do and who is involved? Polski: Flaga Arabii Saudyjskiej. As a result, they turned against Ibn Saud and, after a two-year struggle, were defeated in 1929 at the Battle of Sabilla, where their leaders were massacred. [423][424], Its population is also quite young with over half the population under 25 years old. "[484], Saudi Arabia is one of the few countries that have "religious police" (known as Haia or Mutaween), who patrol the streets "enjoining good and forbidding wrong" by enforcing dress codes, strict separation of men and women, attendance at prayer (salat) five times each day, the ban on alcohol, and other aspects of Sharia (Islamic law). [555], The average age at first marriage among Saudi females is 25 years in Saudi Arabia,[556] with child marriage no longer common. [22] The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. Dates, once a staple of the Saudi diet, are now mainly grown for global humanitarian aid. Many of the unusual offshore reef formations defy classic (i.e., Darwinian) coral reef classification schemes, and are generally attributed to the high levels of tectonic activity that characterize the area. By Zvi Mazel. No other changes. [118], In the 1980s, Saudi Arabia spent $25 billion in support of Saddam Hussein in the Iran–Iraq War. Countries with More Than 100,000 Shia Muslims", Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers, A surprising map of where the world's atheists live, "All atheists are terrorists, Saudi Arabia declares", "International Religious Freedom Report, 2017", "Number of Pakistani expats exceeds 1.5 m", "Arab versus Asian migrant workers in the GCC countries", "Expatriates Can Apply for Saudi Citizenship in Two-to-Three Months", "Saudi Arabia says criticism of Syria refugee response 'false and misleading, "3 million expats to be sent out gradually", "Saudi authorities erect barriers on Yemeni border", "Saudi Arabia: Amnesty International calls for end to arrests and expulsions "Persecution of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community", 'Dogs Are Better Than You': Saudi Arabia Accused of Mass Abuses During Migrant Worker Crackdown, "Yemen: Houthis Kill, Expel Ethiopian Migrants", "Investigation: African migrants 'left to die' in Saudi Arabia's hellish Covid detention centres", "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source", "International Religious Freedom Report 2004", 'The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya', "You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia", "The Persecution of Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia", Iraq crisis: How Saudi Arabia helped Isis take over the north of the country, WikiLeaks cables: Saudi princes throw parties boasting drink, drugs and sex | World news, "Saudi Arabia adopts the Gregorian calendar", Bahrain changes the weekend in efficiency drive, "Saudi Arabia: International Religious Freedom Report 2013", "Saudi Arabia extends hand of friendship to Pope", "Saudi Arabia: International Religious Freedom Report 2010", "Saudi Arabia's New Law Imposes Death Sentence for Bible Smugglers? [533][534] At the same time, David Guetta declared that "There is obviously a very big effort in Saudi to open to music and to artists". The Guinness World Records also took into consideration their production capacity of 15000 tonnes of high quality of olive oil, while the kingdom consumes double that. [80][81], For much of the 10th century, the Isma'ili-Shi'ite Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf. [citation needed], Foreign Muslims[458] who have resided in the kingdom for ten years may apply for Saudi citizenship. [111], By 1976, Saudi Arabia had become the largest oil producer in the world. [142] This process is not reported by the Saudi media. Known records from Uruk refer to a place called Dilmun, associated in several occasions with copper and in later period it was a source of imported woods in southern Mesopotamia. [290] Another documentary by Bryan Fogel, The Dissident, which excavated a web of deceit behind the murder, was to be released on the same day that marked second death anniversary of Khashoggi. [137] However, according to the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia adopted by royal decree in 1992, the king must comply with Sharia (Islamic law) and the Quran, while the Quran and the Sunnah (the traditions of Muhammad) are declared to be the country's constitution. עברית: דגל ערב הסעודית. [93] Ottoman degree of control over these lands varied over the next four centuries with the fluctuating strength or weakness of the Empire's central authority. Bandiera dell'Arabia Saudita con la sahada, ovvero la professione di fede all'Islam. [110] In 1938, vast reserves of oil were discovered in the Al-Ahsa region along the coast of the Persian Gulf, and full-scale development of the oil fields began in 1941 under the US-controlled Aramco (Arabian American Oil Company). [341] In September 2015, Faisal bin Hassan Trad, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the UN in Geneva, has been elected Chair of the United Nations Human Rights Council panel that appoints independent experts. Postulez aux derniers postes vacants en Ar. "[284], The US expects its Gulf allies involved in the coalition in Yemen to put in more efforts and address the rising concerns about the millions that have been pushed to the brink of famine. Saudi Arabia is home to a rich marine life. Women's clothes are often decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques. [100] A much smaller second "Saudi state", located mainly in Nejd, was established in 1824. "[306] Former CIA director James Woolsey described it as "the soil in which Al-Qaeda and its sister terrorist organizations are flourishing. [525] During the Islamic revival movement in the 1980s, and as a political response to an increase in Islamist activism including the 1979 seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the government closed all cinemas and theaters. [378] [460], As Saudi population grows and oil export revenues stagnate, pressure for "Saudization" (the replacement of foreign workers with Saudis) has grown, and the Saudi government hopes to decrease the number of foreign nationals in the country. [468], The Hejazi region, where the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina are located, is the destination of the Ḥajj pilgrimage, and often deemed to be the cradle of Islam. [17][18][19][20][21], From the 10th century to the early 20th century, Mecca and Medina were under the control of a local Arab ruler known as the Sharif of Mecca, but at most times the Sharif owed allegiance to the ruler of one of the major Islamic empires based in Baghdad, Cairo or Istanbul. (Ratio: 2:3), Flag of the Royal Saudi Air Defense Force (Ratio: 2:3), Naval Ensign of Saudi Arabia. [490] The weekend is Friday-Saturday, not Saturday-Sunday, because Friday is the holiest day for Muslims. [302] American politicians and media accused the Saudi government of supporting terrorism and tolerating a jihadist culture. For example, in Riyadh water was available only once every 2.5 days in 2011, while in Jeddah it is available only every 9 days. [140], In the absence of national elections and political parties,[137] politics in Saudi Arabia takes place in two distinct arenas: within the royal family, the Al Saud, and between the royal family and the rest of Saudi society. [582][583][584], On 27 September 2019, Saudi Arabia announced new changes to tourist visas for non-religious visits, allowing citizens of 49 countries to apply for E-Visa for 90 days. [52][53] Al Saud is an Arabic name formed by adding the word Al, meaning "family of" or "House of",[54] to the personal name of an ancestor. [137] Critics regard it as a totalitarian dictatorship. In addition, Saudi farmers grow substantial amounts of other grains such as barley, sorghum and millet. محافظة; muhafazah). On 24 August 2017, the Kingdom signed a memorandum of understanding with China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) to explore and assess uranium[295] On 4 August 2020, a report claimed that Saudi Arabia has constructed a facility in the desert near Al-Ula for extracting uranium yellowcake from uranium ore with the help of China. By the 1950s this had led to large governmental deficits and excessive foreign borrowing. Within the framework of the 2016 National Transformation Program, also known as Saudi Vision 2030, the kingdom allocated 900 million euros to preserve its historical and cultural heritage. [276], Saudi Arabia has been seen as a moderating influence in the Arab–Israeli conflict, periodically putting forward a peace plan between Israel and the Palestinians and condemning Hezbollah. [202] Women were not allowed to take part in the poll. [citation needed], Saudi Arabia's relations with the West began to cause growing concern among some of the ulema and students of sharia law and was one of the issues that led to an increase in Islamist terrorism in Saudi Arabia, as well as Islamist terrorist attacks in Western countries by Saudi nationals. [222] The embargo caused an oil crisis with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. [68] The Midianites were depicted in two major events in the Bible that recount Israel's two wars with Median, somewhere in the early 11th century BC. New York – The immediate introduction of a Temporary Basic Income for the world’s poorest people could slow the current surge in COVID-19 cases by enabling nearly three billion people to stay at home, according to a United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report released today. Per capita income fell from a high of $11,700 at the height of the oil boom in 1981 to $6,300 in 1998.
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