One of the journalists, P… Bani-Sadr said he and a group of friends fashioned or vetted the messages Khomeini delivered — based on what they were told Iranians wanted to hear. The French weekly l’Express published a cover photo of Khomeini above the caption: ″The man who makes the world tremble.″ The next day a huge blowup of the cover hung on the cottage wall. Everyone knew who Khomeini was, starting with the Americans, starting with the shah," he said. Khomeini's entourage in Neauphle-Le-Chateau had only the simplest of tools in those pre-internet days. Bani-Sadr, who had become president in Iran, fell from favor. With telephones and cassette tape recorders, they turned the exiled cleric's cottage and garden into a media hub. He added that Khomeini's son, Ahmed, who was in France with his father and other family members, asked him almost daily, "Are you sure the shah will go and the regime will be toppled?". For several months in late 1978 and early 1979, the humble site became a megaphone for the pronouncements of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini that were sent back home to Iranians seeking to overturn 2,500 years of monarchical rule. His lifestyle was spartan: rough blankets to keep out the cold in the unheated cottage; an apple and a bowl of bean soup for lunch; no television. Bani-Sadr was a student in Paris with family ties to Khomeini when he was contacted by the cleric’s son seeking help in arranging a French exile. Either way, supporters and journalists scrambled to get on the flight, paying the airfare for a coveted seat. Bani Sadr looked elated. He restored a dictatorship.". Thus on the 11 th of November 1978, he assigned the job, of finding suitable and good people to make up the revolutionary council, to Ayatollah Beheshti and Ayatollah Mottahari. Khomeini arrived to a hero's welcome in Tehran on Feb. 1. His message, delivered in a calm, low monotone, never changed: the shah must be tried by Islamic judges as a mass murderer; America was corrupt, Western influence destructive; he would soon go back to Iran and set up an Islamic republic, governed by Islamic law. “For me, it was absolutely sure, but not for Khomeini and not for lots of others inside Iran,” Ban-Sadr said. ... It’s not easy to predict a revolution.”, Added Francois Nicoullaud, ambassador to Iran from 2000 to 2005: “From the start, there was no Machiavellian plan.”. But the apple tree, spindly and leafless, still stands, adorned with a plastic Iranian flag and surrounded by a red-and-white chain. But diplomats kept asking "what will happen next week. Today, a large plaque honoring Khomeini's four months in the village stands at the entrance to the unkempt garden that along with the cottage served as his operational headquarters before his triumphal return to Iran on Feb. 1, 1979 . Either way, supporters and journalists scrambled to get on the flight, paying the airfare for a coveted seat. The events in the autumn of 1978 made Imam Khomeini think of changing the regime. Khomeini was not allowed to return to Iran during the Shah's reign (as he had been in exile). Today, a large plaque honoring Khomeini’s four months in the village stands at the entrance to the unkempt garden that along with the cottage served as his operational headquarters before his triumphal return to Iran on Feb. 1, 1979 . Two weeks later, on Thursday, 1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by the BBC) to be of up to five million people. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had expelled Khomeini from Iran in 1964, and he spent most of his time in Najaf, Iraq, a pilgrimage city for Iranians and other Shiite Muslims. Each was in charge of a task, including dealing with the media whose coverage boosted Khomeini's profile. Like a hall of mirrors, Khomeini fed the media and the media fed Khomeini. It was a mistake. Undated (AP) _ Every day after lunch, the robed, turbaned man with eyes like nuggets of coal would pick his way across a French village lane and address the faithful from the top of a flight of steps. In this photo taken on Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2019, a view of the entrance gate to Rue de Chevreuse, close to the cottage which served as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's operational and media headquarters during his four month stay in October 1978, in Neauphle-Le-Chateau, west of Paris. Other messages went out by telephone, read to supporters in various Iranian towns, where they were disseminated. Neauphle-le-Chateau, a village 20 miles outside Paris, seemed an unlikely place from which to orchestrate a revolution thousands of miles away. "There was no ignorance. Quirky rules let voters to fix ballot errors, Most visitors to Washington, DC, required to have negative COVID-19 test: Mayor, 2 Wisconsin officers shot, wounded in exchange of gunfire, Stocks soar on prospect of divided government, In this photo taken on Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2019, a view of the entrance gate to Rue de Chevreuse, close to the cottage which served as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's operational and media headquarters during his four month stay in October 1978, in Neauphle-Le-Chateau, west of Paris. Other messages went out by telephone, read to supporters in various Iranian towns, where they were disseminated. "It was a moment worth 1,000 years of life," Bani-Sadr said. Now, Bani-Sadr feels betrayed by Khomeini, saying that the cleric "changed in Iran. On warm days Khomeini would sit under a tree and answer questions from his followers. “That means Iran never forbade calls between Khomeini and his friends,” a tactic that would have shut down a lot of the cleric’s media operation. Everyone knew who Khomeini was, starting with the Americans, starting with the shah,” he said. On his chartered Air France flight back to Tehran, he was accompanied by 120 journalists, including three women. Ghotbzadeh was executed and Yazdi died in exile in Turkey. Bani-Sadr, who had become president in Iran, fell from favor. Lawyers from both parties puzzled by Trump's election legal strategy, What does it mean to 'cure' your ballot? “It was a moment worth 1,000 years of life,” Bani-Sadr said. But the Iran's Islamist government quickly toughened, and France soon was vilified as "the little Satan" when it began taking in members of the Iranian opposition, said Nicoullaud, the former ambassador. "For me, it was absolutely sure, but not for Khomeini and not for lots of others inside Iran," Ban-Sadr said. The Shah eventually fled Iran on Jan. 16, 1979 and two weeks later Khomeini flew to Tehran on a chartered Air France flight, accompanied by dozens of journalists. There are conflicting reports as to whether Khomeini’s entourage chartered the Air France Boeing 747 that brought him home, or whether, as a French diplomat at the time said in a documentary, that France decided “to take a risk” and arrange for the plane. The activity in Neauphle-le-Chateau put the French government in a bind. Of the inner circle in Neauphle-le-Chateau, Bani-Sadr is the only survivor. It's not easy to predict a revolution. Striking Iranian telephone operators in Iran would take calls only from Neauphle-le-Chateau. The house where his team worked has been razed. But the apple tree, spindly and leafless, still stands, adorned with a plastic Iranian flag and surrounded by a red-and-white chain. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? Among those exiles were members of the Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, a politically active opposition group that is active to this day and still despised by Iran. The shah, who was secretly ill with cancer, flew out of Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, on an aircraft that he himself piloted. The French offered to expel Khomeini, but the shah said no, apparently not wanting the cleric to end up anywhere near Iran. The growing number of reporters churned the garden into mud. Scores of grateful Iranians brought flowers to the French Embassy, but with what Cousseran viewed as a subtle message that "you will protect him." Tape recordings of his statements were sold in Europe and delivered to Iran. Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. Neauphle-le-Chateau meant access to international telephones and the world media, and these were to play a critical role in the revolution. He said he protested to Khomeini the many executions that were carried out, and fled to Paris in July 1981 in an air force plane piloted by a dissident with the then-head of Mujahedeen, Massoud Rajavi. Extraordinary.”, The plaque in the garden of Neauphle-le-Chateau, inscribed in French and Farsi, says the village name “is forever registered in the history of French-Iranian relations.”. "A revolution is the beginning, not the end," he said. With unrest mounting in his kingdom, the shah wanted the Ayatollah as far away as possible, and he had persuaded his Iraqi neighbors to expel him and the French to give him asylum. But his activism was increasingly distressing to France, which like other Western countries, was a firm ally of the Iranian monarchy. (AP Photo/Francois Mori). One of the most important decisions made by Imam Khomeini in Paris was deciding to form a revolutionary council. Bani-Sadr said he and a group of friends fashioned or vetted the messages Khomeini delivered — based on what they were told Iranians wanted to hear. Then-President Valery Giscard d’Estaing sent a diplomat to Neauphle-le-Chateau and later an emissary to Tehran to meet with the shah. As the uprising in Iran spread, Neauphle-le-Chateau filled up with Iranian exiles from all over Europe. On Jan. 16, the shah left Iran and in Neauphle-le-Chateau plans were made for Khomeini’s homecoming. He added that Khomeini’s son, Ahmed, who was in France with his father and other family members, asked him almost daily, “Are you sure the shah will go and the regime will be toppled?”. Sheltered in a cottage in a sleepy village outside Paris, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini piped out messages daily to hundreds of followers clamoring to glimpse their glowering idol with black turban, and amplified his pronouncements with recorded messages to Iranians at home, turning his humble abode into an international megaphone for the Islamic revolution. Extraordinary. Khomeini arrived at Paris' Orly airport on Oct. 6, 1978, spent a few days in the southern suburb of Cachan, where Bani-Sadr then lived, before relocating to Neauphle-le-Chateau, 25 miles west of Paris. ", Added Francois Nicoullaud, ambassador to Iran from 2000 to 2005: "From the start, there was no Machiavellian plan.". NEAUPHLE-LE-CHATEAU, France -- From a sleepy village outside Paris, the man who would become the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran sat cross-legged beneath an apple tree, delivering messages daily to hundreds of followers clamoring to glimpse the glowering cleric in the black turban. More phones were installed, and a tape-duplicating machine arrived, so that Khomeini’s words could reach Iran even faster. “There was no ignorance. The French offered to expel Khomeini, but the shah said no, apparently not wanting the cleric to end up anywhere near Iran. This week, workers were setting up a tent for an Iranian Embassy ceremony on Sunday to commemorate the brief but critical period in Khomeini's life. Khomeini had entered France like all Iranians at the time, on a passport allowing for a three-month stay. During the flight, Khomeini was out of sight, keeping to the upper deck lounge of the jumbo jet and praying, Lipchitz said. Then, after the last chant of those Arabic words for ″God is great,″ Khomeini would shuffle back to his little cottage, and the war against the Shah of Iran would continue. Among those exiles were members of the Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, a politically active opposition group that is active to this day and still despised by Iran. Bani-Sadr, in an interview with The Associated Press, said it was far from certain for Khomeini that a revolution was at hand. Bani-Sadr, in an interview with The Associated Press, said it was far from certain for Khomeini that a revolution was at hand. Khomeini had entered France like all Iranians at the time, on a passport allowing for a three-month stay. Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile was the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his “White Revolution” announced in 1963. Now, Bani-Sadr feels betrayed by Khomeini, saying that the cleric “changed in Iran. "The fate of the Iranian revolution depended on what came out of Mr. Khomeini's mouth," said Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, who was among the ayatollah's closest aides and later became the first president of the new Iran. “The fate of the Iranian revolution depended on what came out of Mr. Khomeini’s mouth,” said Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, who was among the ayatollah’s closest aides and later became the first president of the new Iran. Everything Khomeini said in his daily homily was tape recorded and played over the phone to supporters in Iran who would rerecord the speech and circulate it clandestinely. On 16 January 1979, the Shah left the country for medical treatment (ostensibly "on vacation"), never to return. Khomeini's inner circle included Bani-Sadr, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, Ibramhim Yazdi and three mullahs. They packed the little garden outside the operations cottage to overflowing. Khomeini was a healthy, alert 76. So Khomeini chartered a Boeing. It was only a matter of time. "Extraordinary. But his activism was increasingly distressing to France, which like other Western countries, was a firm ally of the Iranian monarchy. Ghotbzadeh told a reporter he hoped to see him again in Tehran. "We always said it was the journalists who paid the return voyage of the ayatollah," said Associated Press photographer Michel Lipchitz, who was on the flight. With telephones and cassette tape recorders, they turned the exiled cleric’s cottage and garden into a media hub. Ghotbzadeh was executed and Yazdi died in exile in Turkey. Then-President Valery Giscard d'Estaing sent a diplomat to Neauphle-le-Chateau and later an emissary to Tehran to meet with the shah. But diplomats kept asking “what will happen next week. Jean-Claude Cousseran, the first secretary at the French Embassy in Tehran at the time, denied that France was opportunistically playing both sides or was in the dark about the weight Khomeini carried within Iran. Cousseran pointed out Khomeini had full telephone access to Iran. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. His most compelling feature was his eyes, burning out from under glowering black eyebrows that seemed to freeze his face into a permanent frown. But no airline would carry the party to Tehran for fear the plane would be shot down. Khomeini arrived to a hero’s welcome in Tehran on Feb. 1. Khomeini arrived at Paris’ Orly airport on Oct. 6, 1978, spent a few days in the southern suburb of Cachan, where Bani-Sadr then lived, before relocating to Neauphle-le-Chateau, 25 miles west of Paris. That paved the way for Khomeini’s return weeks later. It was the final seal on the surreal, often chaotic spectacle that had been unfolding in the little French village in the preceding weeks. But Iraq, reportedly under pressure from the shah, forced the cleric to flee to France in 1978. Khomeini had moved there in September 1978 after 15 years of exile in Iraq. A blue-and-white tent was set up for prayers. He restored a dictatorship.”. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. The French emissary concluded that the shah’s days on the throne were numbered anyway, according to diplomats and press reports. It had to carry extra fuel in case it was forced to return, and only half its normal passenger load was permitted. That paved the way for Khomeini's return weeks later. The activity in Neauphle-le-Chateau put the French government in a bind. Tape recordings of his statements were sold in Europe and delivered to Iran. Bearded mullahs manned the phones while Westernized Iranian intellectuals sought out reporters to tell them about the liberal, Islam-based constitutional democracy that would arise once the shah was gone. “A revolution is the beginning, not the end,” he said. Cousseran pointed out Khomeini had full telephone access to Iran. For several months in late 1978 and early 1979, the humble site became a megaphone for the pronouncements of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini that were sent back home to Iranians seeking to overturn 2,500 years of monarchical rule. During the flight, Khomeini was out of sight, keeping to the upper deck lounge of the jumbo jet and praying, Lipchitz said. ", The plaque in the garden of Neauphle-le-Chateau, inscribed in French and Farsi, says the village name "is forever registered in the history of French-Iranian relations.". From the young men mustered at Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini’s feet would arise a shout that has since become part of the international political language: ″Allahu aqbar 3/8 Allahu aqbar 3/8 Allahu aqbar 3/8″. "That means Iran never forbade calls between Khomeini and his friends," a tactic that would have shut down a lot of the cleric's media operation. He would soon become president, then be brought down and forced to return to Paris, an exile again. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had expelled Khomeini from Iran in 1964, and he spent most of his time in Najaf, Iraq, a pilgrimage city for Iranians and other Shiite Muslims. But the Iran’s Islamist government quickly toughened, and France soon was vilified as “the little Satan” when it began taking in members of the Iranian opposition, said Nicoullaud, the former ambassador. Scores of grateful Iranians brought flowers to the French Embassy, but with what Cousseran viewed as a subtle message that “you will protect him.” The Tehran street where the embassy sits was renamed Neauphle-le-Chateau. But his activism was increasingly distressing to France, which like other Western countries, was a firm ally of the Iranian monarchy. Paris was set to become the seat of the Iranian Revolutionary Council in exile under Khomeini, which seemed anathema when one looks back at relations beween France and Iran in the 1970s. He would end up slain as Khomeini’s revolution devoured its own children. Khomeini had entered France like all Iranians at the time, on a passport allowing for a three-month stay. At a table under a tree, scores of journalists and Khomeini supporters lined up in darkness and freezing rain and paid wads of cash for one-way tickets to Tehran. The French emissary concluded that the shah's days on the throne were numbered anyway, according to diplomats and press reports. There are conflicting reports as to whether Khomeini's entourage chartered the Air France Boeing 747 that brought him home, or whether, as a French diplomat at the time said in a documentary, that France decided "to take a risk" and arrange for the plane. The Tehran street where the embassy sits was renamed Neauphle-le-Chateau. Khomeini was in France because he had been expelled from Iran and then Iraq, and his aides had advised him to go to Europe, and because France granted him political asylum.He was at the time an aged and relatively obscure religious figure, a target of political persecution who had not been to his home country in well over a decade. NEAUPHLE-LE-CHATEAU, France (AP) — From a sleepy village outside Paris, the man who would become the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran sat cross-legged beneath an apple tree, delivering messages daily to hundreds of followers clamoring to glimpse the glowering cleric in the black turban. The shah, who was secretly ill with cancer, flew out of Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, on an aircraft that he himself piloted. Of the inner circle in Neauphle-le-Chateau, Bani-Sadr is the only survivor. Bani-Sadr was a student in Paris with family ties to Khomeini when he was contacted by the cleric's son seeking help in arranging a French exile. Pendant 112 jours, et ce juste avant la révolution qui le portera au pouvoir en Iran, l'ayatollah Khomeiny a séjourné dans les Yvelines, suscitant curiosité, crainte mais aussi, admiration. But Iraq, reportedly under pressure from the shah, forced the cleric to flee to France in 1978. Khomeini lived with his family in the cottage while the revolutionaries set up operations across the street in a larger house. This week, workers were setting up a tent for an Iranian Embassy ceremony on Sunday to commemorate the brief but critical period in Khomeini’s life. He said he protested to Khomeini the many executions that were carried out, and fled to Paris in July 1981 in an air force plane piloted by a dissident with the then-head of Mujahedeen, Massoud Rajavi. Jean-Claude Cousseran, the first secretary at the French Embassy in Tehran at the time, denied that France was opportunistically playing both sides or was in the dark about the weight Khomeini carried within Iran. Undated (AP) _ Every day after lunch, the robed, turbaned man with eyes like nuggets of coal would pick his way across a French village lane and address the faithful from the top of a flight of steps. The house where his team worked has been razed. Sheltered in a cottage in a sleepy village outside Paris, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini piped out messages daily to hundreds of followers clamoring to glimpse their glowering idol with black turban, and amplified his pronouncements with recorded messages to Iranians at home, turning his humble abode into an international megaphone for the Islamic revolution. “Extraordinary. Khomeini had entered France like all Iranians at the time, on a passport allowing for a three-month stay. (AP Photo/Francois Mori), Connect with the definitive source for global and local news, his triumphal return to Iran on Feb. 1, 1979. It was Allah’s will. Khomeini’s inner circle included Bani-Sadr, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, Ibramhim Yazdi and three mullahs. Khomeini’s entourage in Neauphle-Le-Chateau had only the simplest of tools in those pre-internet days. At first, only a handful of supporters gathered at Neauphle-le-Chateau - Abolhassan Bani Sadr, future president of the Islamic republic, and Sadegh Ghotbzadeh and Ibrahim Yazdi, both foreign ministers-in-waiting. Each was in charge of a task, including dealing with the media whose coverage boosted Khomeini’s profile. “We always said it was the journalists who paid the return voyage of the ayatollah,” said Associated Press photographer Michel Lipchitz, who was on the flight.
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