font-weight:bold; { text-decoration:underline; Elle nous présente son premier livre, qui nous espérons, deviendra une référence à l’enseignement de l’histoire dans les écoles d’Afrique, des Antilles et du monde. This goddess was linked with transformation and was identified with Mehit, a protective goddess, with Sekhmet, Bastet, Mut, and others but quite often with Hathor as in The Book of the Heavenly Cow in which Hathor herself is transformed as well as the universe and humanity's relationship with the gods. The Eye of Ra, like the Distant Goddess, was associated with a number of female deities but, again, often Hathor. Ramesses II (Seti´s son) adopted her as a symbol of his power in battle. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. #live_381_calendrier_jour_liste However, some scholars argue that the deity was introduced from Sudan (south of Egypt) where lions are more plentiful. Biographie Auteur : Jahlyssa Sekhmet est une enseignante, passionnée d'histoire. #live_381_calendrier_fleche_gauche a Hathor has aroused the sun god and driven away his evil mood. De la préhistoire à nos jours, L'histoire de l'Afrique et de sa diaspora, Jahlyssa Sekhmet, Conscious Education Eds. Throughout Egyptian history she was known as the daughter of Nut and Ra, Wife of Ra, mother of gods, and great Mother Goddess (perhaps related to the even older goddess Neith) so it is no surprise that popular stories such as the Distant Goddess or concepts like the Eye of Ra would tend to feature her. Everyone drank beer stained with pomegranate juice and worshipped "the Mistress and lady of the tomb, gracious one, destroyer of rebellion, mighty one of enchantments". Although in time she came to be considered the ultimate personification of kindness and love, she was initially literally a blood-thirsty deity unleashed on mankind to punish humans for their sins. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 02 Sep 2009. } So popular was Hathor, however, that, in time, the female dead who were deemed worthy to cross intothe paradise of The Field of Reeds assumed Hathor's likeness and qualities while the male dead continued to be associated with Osiris. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec … She is the patron goddess of joy, celebration, and love and was associated with Aphrodite by the Greeks and with Venus by the Romans. float:left; An ancient text, The Book of the Heavenly Cow (from the Middle Kingdom, 2040-1782 BCE), similar to that of the biblical flood, tells of the great god Ra becoming enraged at human ingratitude and evil and releasing Hathor upon humanity to destroy them. Hathor, Lady of the Southern Sycamore, visits her father and shows him her genitals. #live_381_calendrier_fleche_gauche a:hover } Mark, Joshua J. This humility would show itself by one's service to others. Pinch notes that this union of Hathor and her creator-father "could be thought of in sexual terms or, more abstractly, as a merging of the creator with his own active power" (138). Jahlyssa indique 2 postes sur son profil. 75862 PARIS Cedex 18. For example, one relief depicts the Pharaoh Niuserre being suckled by Sekhmet. width:140px; They point out that Sekhmet is going too far in teaching this "lesson" to humanity and how, soon, there will be no human beings left on earth to benefit from it. Sekhmet´s main cult centre was in Memphis (Men Nefer) where she was worshipped as "the destroyer" alongside her consort Ptah (the creator) and Nefertum (the healer). Il était noir. line-height:20px; { float:left; float:left; { She was often closely associated with Hathor (the goddess of joy, music, dance, sexual love, pregnancy and birth). Some ancient stories depict her as the mother of Horus the Elder and others as the wife of Horus of Edfu, resulting in the birth of Horus the Younger who was later regarded as the son of Osiris and Isis. _width:24px; Amenhotep III (father of Akhenaten, Dynasty Eighteen) built hundreds of statues of Sekhmet in the precinct of Mut´s temple (known as "Isheru") south of the Great Temple of Amun in Karnak. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. clear:both; text-decoration:none; The time and manner of a person's death was decreed by a sevenfold form of Hathor. width:22px; float:left; #live_381_calendrier_jour_actif Et là vous me direz : mais si les premiers hommes étaient n… Ra regrets his decision and devises a plan to stop Sekhmet's blood lust. In this partnership, she was seen as the harsh aspect of the friendly Hathor. height:20px; As a tree goddess, she revived the newly dead with shade, air, water, and food. Although clearly a sexual gesture, the abstract interpretation is of the importance of balance between the feminine and the masculine principles in maintaining order and harmony. { #live_381_calendrier_jour_inactif As a goddess who transcended life and death, Hathor was widely worshipped and came to be idenified with a deity known as The Distant Goddess. Sekhmet, by this time, is crazed with the thirst for more blood and, when she comes upon the blood-red beer, she quickly seizes it and begins drinking. Isis gathered all the parts of her husband back together with the help of her sister Nephthys and brought Osiris back to life but he was incomplete because a fish had eaten his penis and it could not be restored. } The Temple of Hathorby Steve F-E-Cameron (CC BY-SA). { } The Distant Goddess story is actually an Eye of Ra story in that the feminine aspect of the divine goes forth, acts upon its environment, and returns to bring transformation. Books Jahlyssa SEKHMET: Une autre manière de raconter l'Afrique à ses fils Jahlyssa SEKHMET est une enseignante d’origine Afro-Caribéenne, passionnée d’histoire. For both gods and people, Hathor eased the transition from death to new life. Mark, Joshua J. So Ra poured 7,000 jugs of beer and pomegranate juice (which stained the beer blood red) in her path. Sekhmet was represented by the searing heat of the mid-day sun (in this aspect she was sometimes called "Nesert", the flame) and was a terrifying goddess. By pursuing your browsing on this site, you accept the use of Cookies to compile statistics of visits. Hathor reveals herself to her father in an unexpected gesture which lightens his mood and puts things in perspective. Hathor is an ancient Egyptian goddess associated, later, with Isis and, earlier, with Sekhmet but eventually was considered the primeval goddess from whom all others were derived. margin:1px; (138). Jahlyssa SEKHMET: Une autre manière de raconter l'Afrique à ses fils. clear:both; #live_381_calendrier_fleche_gauche She vanishes into the distant desert and hides in the arid plains. In friezes depicting the Battle of Kadesh, Sekhmet appears on his horse, her flames scorching the bodies of enemy soldiers. text-decoration:underline; #live_381_calendrier_fleche_droite Jahlyssa Sekhmet est enseignante depuis une quinzaine d’années, à l’école primaire. Elle nous présente ce nouvel ouvrage, qui, nous l'espérons apportera des réflexions, … Sekhmet was closely associated with Kingship. Last modified September 02, 2009. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Her name means "Domain of Horus" or "Temple of Horus" which alludes to two concepts. As a result, the fearsome deity sometimes called the "lady of terror" was also known as "lady of life". } clear:both; In the story of the sun god's voyage through the night sky and the underworld, Hathor stands in the prow keeping watch for any sign of danger from Apophis. The sistrum is her instrument which she used to drive evil from the land and inspire goodness. #live_381 She is usually depicted as a woman with the head of a cow, ears of a cow, or simply in cow form. Written by Joshua J. _width:24px; } Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Unlike other deities of ancient Egypt, whose clergy needed to be of the same sex as the deity they served, those who served Hathor could be men or women. line-height:20px; float:left; font-weight:bold; The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. } Hathor's cult center was at Dendera, Egypt, but she was widely regarded and worshipped throughout Egypt. font-family:Open Sans, Arial; #live_381_calendrier_fleche_droite } Geraldine Pinch relates the rest of the story: Ra becomes angry when he is insulted by the baboon god Babi and lies down on his back. He decided to punish mankind by sending an aspect of his daughter, the "Eye of Ra". He ordered her to stop, but she was in a blood lust and would not listen. Humanity was spared destruction and their former tormentor became their greatest benefactress. font-size:13px; { text-decoration:none; Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Scholar Geraldine Pinch comments on this, writing: Hathor was the golden goddess who helped women to give birth, the dead to be reborn, and the cosmos to be renewed. #live_381_calendrier Ancient History Encyclopedia. He orders Tenenet, the Egyptian goddess of beer, to brew a particularly strong batch and then has the beer dyed red and delivered to Dendera. font-size:12px; She was associated with the goddesses given the title "Eye of Ra". Hathor continued this service to humanity after death as Geraldine Pinch notes: As the goddess of the West, Hathor welcomes the setting sun into her outstretched arms. Many lesser goddesses came to be regarded as "names" of Hathor in her contrasting benevolent and destructive aspects. } Cite This Work Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. border:1px solid #D4D0C8; Ma maman m'a acheté un outil pour répondre à toutes mes questions L'histoire de l'Afrique et de sa diaspora. Web. } #live_381_calendrier_jour_liste A temple was constructed by Amenemhet II to Sekhmet-Hathor at Kom el- Hisn (Imau in the western Delta) in which she and Hathor are referred to as the "Mistress of Imau". "Hathor." } Hathor was worshipped in every region of Egypt before the ascent of Isis and her cult was popular with both the poor working class of Egypt and the ruling elite. A part of the initiation into her cult appears to have been a ritual known as The Five Gifts of Hathor, a poorly attested rite possibly from the period of the New Kingdom, in which a communicant would be asked to name the five things they were most grateful for while looking at the fingers of their left hand. Parce que le 1erêtre humain au monde est né sur le sol africain. He watches Sekhmet's swath of destruction with satisfaction until the other gods intervene and ask him to show mercy. 06 Nov 2020. { Ancient History Encyclopedia. } As the poor of Egypt did not own their own land, but labored for others in the fields, their left hand was always visible to them as they reached out to harvest grain which would then be cut by the blade in their right hand. Through this association, Hathor came to be regarded as the mother of the sun god Ra and held a prominent place in his barge as it sailed across the night sky, into the underworld, and rose again at dawn. float:center; Sekhmet (Sakhmet) is one of the oldest known Egyptian deities. Join Facebook to connect with Jahlyssa Sekmet and others you may know. However, for her friends she could avert plague and cure disease. Scholar Margaret Bunson comments on this: In the Daily Royal Rites, as shown on temple reliefs, Hathor nursed the king or his priestly representative from her breasts, thus giving him the grace of office and the supernatural powers to protect Egypt. A statue of Sekhmet was dressed in red facing west, while Bast was dressed in green and faced east. • Sur les Héroïnes africaines En Afrique, la place des femmes est primordiale à tous les niveaux : économique, politique et familial. https://www.ancient.eu/Hathor/. Milk was known as `The beer of Hesat' and The Milky Way as seen in the night sky also came to be associated with her as it was considered a heavenly Nile River, the giver and sustainer of all life. } She became Sekhmet, the "Eye of Ra" and began her rampage. float:left; In one version of the myth, Ptah is the first thing she sees on awaking and she instantly fell in love with him. The Seven Hathors were venerated highly in life for their ability to assist in matters of love and protection from harm and, after death, for their protective abilities against the forces of darkness. When the Distant Goddess eludes Ra's control, a god is sent forth by Ra to find his daughter and bring her home and, when this happens, she brings with her the inundation of the Nile River which overflowed its banks and brought life to the people. font-family:Open Sans, Arial; #live_381_calendrier_jour_actif Before she released the life-giving waters, however, she had to be placated and shown appreciation. Hathor is an ancient Egyptian goddess associated, later, with Isis and, earlier, with Sekhmet but eventually was considered the primeval goddess from whom all others were derived. She was often described as the mother of Maahes, the lion god who was a patron of the pharaoh and the pyramid texts (from dynasty five) suggest that the Pharaoh was conceived by Sekhmet. { width:100%; However, Ra was not a cruel deity, and the sight of the carnage caused him to repent. color:#e4232a; text-align:center; #live_381_calendrier Je me nomme Jahlyssa Sekhmet, je suis enseignante depuis une quinzaine d’années. { text-align:right; width:22px; width:24px; Geraldine Pinch writes: When the Distant Goddess returned, she brought the inundation with her, but she had to be pacified with music, dancing, feasting, and drunkenness. She gorged on the "blood" and became so drunk she slept for three days. As Lady of the Necropolis, she opened the gates of the underworld. Hathor descends on the world in a fury of destruction, killing everyone she finds and toppling their cities, crushing their homes and tearing up fields and gardens and so transforms into the goddess Sekhmet. (107). text-align:center; font-weight:bold; At first, Ra is pleased because humanity had forgotten him and the gifts of the gods and had turned to only thinking of themselves and following after their own pleasure. by Mary Harrsch (Photographed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art) (CC BY-NC-SA), by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA). She was the primordial Mother Goddess, ruler of the sky, the sun, the moon, agriculture, fertility, the east, the west, moisture and childbirth. Hathor's cult center was at Dendera but she was widely regarded and worshipped throughout Egypt to the extent that she was also honored as a goddess of the afterlife in The Field of Reeds. #live_381_calendrier_semaine By the Greco-Roman period, dead women in the afterlife identified themselves with Hathor instead of Osiris. In her form as Hesat she is shown as a pure white cow carrying a tray of food on her head as her udders flow with milk. font-size:13px; Chief among these gods is Hathor's father Ra who, at one point becomes so upset with the proceedings, he refuses to participate. "Hathor." He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. } The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Jahlyssa Sekhmet est une enseignante qui fera le constat qu’un pan de l’histoire est absent des publications scolaires jeunesse. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Découvrez le profil de Jahlyssa Sekhmet sur LinkedIn, la plus grande communauté professionnelle au monde. Hathor was, in early times, worshipped in the form of a cow or as a cow with stars above her. She was also known as the "Lady of Pestilence" and the "Red Lady" (indicating her alignment with the desert) and it was thought that she could send plagues against those who angered her. } text-decoration:underline; #live_381_calendrier_mois After Set murdered Osiris and then hacked him into pieces, he scattered the body parts all across the land and flung some into the Nile. "CAHIER D'ACTIVITÉS, L'HISTOIRE DE L'AFRIQUE ET DE SA DIASPORA DE LA PRÉHISTOIRE A NOS JOURS" (à partir de 6 ans) écrit par Jahlyssa Sekhmet et illustré par … It was only after Isis took over many of her attributes that Hathor lost her place as the most important of Egyptian goddesses. margin:1px; Osiris then descended into the underworld to become Lord of the Dead while Isis was left alone to raise her son and Set usurped Osiris' place as king of the land. (2009, September 02). margin:1px; } Pour ceux et celle qui ne vous connaissent pas qui êtes vous ? Following her transformation, Hathor bestowed only beautiful and uplifting gifts on the children of the earth and assumed such high status that all the later goddesses of Egypt can be considered forms of Hathor. Since the word irt was feminine in gender, divine eyes were personified as goddesses" (128). text-align:left; } She was always, from the earliest times, associated with women and women's health in body and in mind. According to myth, Ra became angry because mankind was not following his laws and preserving Ma'at (justice or balance). { { Hathor's humble service is depicted through inscriptions and texts throughout Egypt's history from the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150-2613 BCE) through the last dynasty to rule Egypt, the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE). De { This complex deity could function as the mother, consort, and daughter of the creator god. De la préhistoire à nos jours... à partir de 6 ans. As mistress of song and dance, of celebration and gratitude, bringer of life and comforter in death, Hathor embodied the heavenly Nile in all ways as she brought the best gifts of the gods to the people of earth. - Kamtiou, Il était une fois les africains de Biyong Djehuty, 2016. height:20px; The Seven Hathors shared these attributes but also had a red ribbon which they used to bind evil forces and dark demons. { She served the king and his court as nurse and, by doing so, fed all the people of Egypt as the prosperity of the land was intimately tied to the health, well-being, and stability of the king. #live_381_calendrier_semaine float:left; #live_381_calendrier_titre #live_381_calendrier_titre (138). The most important of these were the Seven Hathors who were present at the birth of a human being and decreed their fate. } It was proper for the whole of creation to rejoice when Hathor appeared again in all her radiant beauty and joined forces with her father. She was the patron of Physicians, and Healers and her priests became known as skilled doctors. #live_381_calendrier_fleche_gauche Clearly it was hoped that Sekhmet would protect the border. The saving of mankind was commemorated every year on the feast day of Hathor/Sekhmet. } She was an immensely popular and influential goddess. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. { The Goddess Hathorby Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA). Imau was situated near a branch of the Nile that has since shifted eastwards, but in ancient times the town was right on the edge of the desert on the route to the Libyan frontier. In time, women came to identify with Hathor in the afterlife the same way that, previously, all people identified with the god Osiris. (137). Elle est passionnée d’Histoire. Geraldine Pinch writes: The Coffin Texts and the Book of the Dead have spells to help the deceased live forever as a follower of Hathor. The red solar disk, as well as a number of Hathor's personal attributes, would come to be associated with the later goddess Isis. This balance is seen in the concept of the Eye of Ra, the female conterpart to the male aspect of creation embodied in Ra. { This may be why the eyes of a deity are associated with divine power at its most interventional. J’ai un DEUG de droit option sciences politiques et une licence de sociologie. He plucked Hathor from Ureas on his brow, and sent her to earth in the form of a lion. Illustration tirée du livre “L’Histoire de l’Afrique et de sa diaspora”, Jahlyssa Sekhmet C’était il y a 200 000 ans dans la région des Grands Lacs(région où se trouve aujourd’hui la Tanzanie, le Rwanda ou encore le Burundi). Her relationship with the sky identified her with Venus, the evening and morning star. When the centre of power shifted from Memphis to Thebes during the New Kingdom the Theban Triad (Amun, Mut, and Khonsu), Sekhmet´s attributes were absorbed into that of Mut (who sometimes took the form of a lion). An example of this is the role Hathor plays in one of the versions of the story of The Contendings of Horus and Set which continues the tale of the Osiris Myth. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. de Jahlyssa Sekhmet, Conscious Education Edition, 2015. } This is a goddess who abandons her father Ra and assumes the form of a wild feline to elude any attempts to find her or catch her. Her seated statues show her holding the ankh of life, but when she is shown striding or standing she usually holds a sceptre formed from papyrus (the symbol of northern or Lower Egypt) suggesting that she was associated primarily with the north. Consultez le profil complet sur LinkedIn et découvrez les relations de Jahlyssa { The Tomb of Horemhebby Jean-Pierre Dalbéra (CC BY-NC-SA). font-weight:bold; } Her name is derived from the Egyptian word "Sekhem" (which means "power" or "might") and is often translated as the "Powerful One". This is clearly evident in The Book of the Heavenly Cow in which Hathor is identified as the Eye of Ra who will bring destruction to humanity but eventually transforms their relationship with the divine. Isis then transformed herself into a kite (a falcon) and flew around Osiris' body, drawing his seed into her and becoming pregnant with Horus. } #live_381 Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. Hathor's popularity is attested to by the number of minor goddesses who shared her attributes and were considered aspects of the Mother Goddess. The spirits of the dead could imbibe eternal life from the milk of the seven Hathor cows. Later she was pictured as a woman with the head of a cow and, later still, as a woman complete with a human face but sometimes with the ears or horns of a cow. Chain with Hathor Headsby Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin (CC BY-NC-SA). } This implies that the creator sun god was sinking back into the inert state that would mean the end of the world. width:20px; Related Content Maman « célibattante », enseignante, auteure, femme engagée, Jahlyssa Sekhmet a fait de l’Histoire de l’Afrique et de sa diaspora son combat. { float:left; Hathor was often referred to as "The Eye of Ra" or "The Eye of Atum" and her sun disk is often represented as an eye from which the sun is born. text-decoration:none; Hathor. (139). #live_381_calendrier_jour_actif a:hover text-align:center; } } #live_381_calendrier_fleche_droite a:hover { She was also known as the "Lady of Pestilence" and the "Red Lady" (indicating her alignment with the desert) and it was thought that she could send plagues against those who angered her. text-align:center; Geraldine Pinch notes that "the ancient Egyptian word for eye (irt) sounded like a word for "doing" or "acting". Jahlyssa Sekhmet (Auteur), Souleymane Ndiaye (Auteur) 4.5 ( 2 ) -5% livres en retrait magasin Ce cahier d'activités permettra aux enfants, élèves, parents, enseignants et éducateurs de découvrir l'histoire de l'Afrique et de sa diaspora en s'amusant. #live_381_calendrier_fleche_droite a This struggle is sometimes represented as a battle but, in the story known as The Contendings of Horus and Set, it is a trial overseen by the Ennead, a tribunal of nine powerful gods, who are to decide who is rightful king. height:20px; The land of ancient Egypt was alive with the spirit of the gods... 4,200-Year-Old Egyptian Temple Discovered to Have Remarkably Well Preserved Artwork. She is depicted as a lion-headed woman, sometimes with the addition of a sun disc on her head. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. By naming the five things one was grateful for, and identifying them with the fingers of the left hand, one was constantly reminded of the good things in one's life and this kept one from the `gateway sin' of ingratitude from which, it was thought, all other sins followed. She was most commonly shown as a beautiful woman wearing a red solar disk between a pair of cow's horns. Hathor's early identification as the mother of Horus, the god most closely associated with the ruler of Egypt, attests clearly to her importance prior to the rise in popularity of the Myth of Osiris when Isis became Horus' mother. PRESENTATION DE L’AUTEURE : Jahlyssa SEKHMET est une enseignante d’origine Afro-Caribéenne, passionnée d’histoire. width:100%; { Originally, when one died in ancient Egypt, whether male or female, one assumed the likeness of Osiris (lord and judge of the dead) and was blessed by his qualities of moral integrity. Sekhmet represented Upper Egypt while Bast represented Lower Egypt. { Quand on parle de “Berceau de l’humanité”, cela englobe également les savoirs et les techniques développés par l’homme pour faire face aux défis la Nature. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Hathor/. #live_381_calendrier_jour_actif a {color:#413627 !important}, contact@menaibuc.com / 06 17 06 91 72 width:20px; line-height:20px; Elle a lancé “Conscious Education Editions”, une maison d’édition spécialisée dans les outils et les manuels pédagogiques du monde noir. The first allusion is to the part of the sky where the king (or dead king) could be rejuvenated and continue rule (or live again) while the second is to the myth that Horus, as sun god, entered her mouth each night to rest and returned with the dawn. Mark, published on 02 September 2009 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. License. She becomes drunk, falls asleep, and wakes up as Hathor the benevolent. Ancient History Encyclopedia. This ancient myth is echoed in the New Kingdom reliefs in the temple of Seti I which depict the Pharaoh being suckled by Hathor whose title is "mistress of the mansion of Sekhmet". BP 109 { The balance between the duality of feminine and the masculine, between light and dark, fertility and aridity is emphasized throughout Egyptian culture in the gods and the myths relating to them. font-family:Open Sans, Arial; This same pattern is seen in the creation tale featuring Atum (Ra) and the ben-ben when he sends his children out with his eye to create the world. border:1px solid #BCBCBC; Further, she was associated with joy, music, love, motherhood, dance, drunkeness and, above all, gratitude. #live_381_calendrier_mois Sekhmet´s main cult centre was in Memphis (Men Nefer) where she was worshipped as "the destroyer" alongside her consort Ptah (the creator) and Nefertum (the healer). { For the more affluent of Egypt, considering the Five Gifts would have been a way to keep from envying those more prosperous than oneself and a means by which one was reminded to be humble in the face of the gods. If a goddess of Hathor's stature could freely serve others, it was thought, so could anyone else. In her earthly form as a dairy cow, Hathor was known as Hesat, the wet-nurse to the gods, and is always associated with motherhood, motherly instincts, and the care of others. When she awoke, her blood lust had dissipated, and humanity was saved. Jahlyssa Sekmet is on Facebook. He immediately laughs, gets up, and goes back to administering justice. #live_381_calendrier_jour_actif a Mark, J. J. She is closely associated with the primeval divine cow Mehet-Weret, a sky goddess whose name means "Great Flood" and who was thought to bring the inundation of the Nile River which fertilized the land. Sekhmet was mentioned a number of times in the spells of The Book of the Dead as both a creative and destructive force, but above all, she is the protector of Ma´at (balance or justice) named "The One Who Loves Ma´at and Who Detests Evil".
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