The two categories are Zoroastrian and Islamic, which references the eras of Pre-Islamic and Post-Islamic Iran, and the six styles, in order of their era, are: Parsian, Parthian Khorasani, Razi, Azari, Esfahani. In turn, it has greatly influenced the architecture of its invaders from the Greeks to the Arabs to the Turks. C. A. One of the striking features of the Revolution was the large scale participation of women from traditional backgrounds in demonstrations leading up to the overthrow of the monarchy. [24] Kurdish literature has also had a profound impact on the literature of Iran with it incorporating the various Kurdish dialects that are spoken throughout the Middle East. Although the cultures of its ethnic groups are very similar and in most areas near identical, each has their own distinct and specific dance style. Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth, eds. Iranians celebrate the following days based on a solar calendar, in addition to important religious days of Islamic and Shia calendars, which are based on a lunar calendar. The literature of Iran is one of the world's oldest and most celebrated literatures, spanning over 2500 years from the many Achaemenid inscriptions, such as the Behistun inscription, to the celebrated Iranian poets of the Islamic Golden Age and Modern Iran. [18][19] Distinguished Professor L.P. Elwell-Sutton described the literature of the Persian language as "one of the richest poetic literatures of the world". Martin, Luther H.; Beck, Roger (December 30, 2004). This page was last edited on 20 May 2021, at 19:06. From the time of the Achaemenid Empire, the idea of an earthly paradise spread through Iranian literature to other cultures, with the word for paradise in the Iranian languages of Avestan, Old Persian and Median, spreading to languages across the world. How is it that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the Greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in Central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in which is now Turkey, some 1500 miles to the west? These herbs and spices play specific roles ranging from breaking spells and witchcraft, to blinding the evil eye, to burning evil spirits. Enter & enjoy it now! The Islamic Golden Age brought drastic changes to the styles and practice of the arts. Smaller languages spread in other regions notably include Talysh, Georgian, Armenian, Assyrian, and Circassian, amongst others. the Armenians). According to the Iran Labor Code, Friday is the weekly day of rest. Iranians were some of the first people in history to weave carpets. Intishārāt-i Farhang-i Maktūb. p.166. First deriving from the notion of basic need, the Persian rug started out as a simple/pure weave of fabric that helped nomadic people living in ancient Iran stay warm from the cold, damp ground. "Archaeological Indications on the Origins of Roman Mithraism". In addition to Christianity and Judaism, Zoroastrianism is another officially recognized religion in Iran, although followers of this faith do not hold a large population in Iran. The earliest works of Kurdish literature are those of the 16th-century poet Malaye Jaziri.[25]. In the Balochi language, the term "gowati" refers to psychologically ill patients who have recovered through music and dance. Much of the region was included in the Pre-Islamic Persian empires, and many of its ancient peoples either belonged to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European peoples (e.g. Iran is filled with tombs of poets and musicians, such as this one belonging to Rahi Mo'ayeri. This is quite the opposite trend of the percentage distribution of Shi'a to Sunni Islam followers in the rest of the Muslim population from state to state (primarily in the Middle East) and throughout the rest of the world. [36][37], The earliest researched dances from Iran is a dance worshiping Mithra, the Zoroastrian angelic divinity of covenant, light, and oath, which was used commonly by the Roman Cult of Mithra. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia Women account for 60% of all students in the natural sciences, including one in five PhD students.[65]. Multiple depictions of horizontal harps were also sculpted in Assyrian palaces, dating back between 865 and 650 BC. Tehran. In addition, although there have been isolated incidences of prejudice against Zoroastrians, most followers of this faith have not been persecuted for being followers of this faith. It was a rival of Christianity in the Roman Empire and was eventually suppressed in the 4th Century CE by Roman authorities in favor of Christianity. [66] In the words of Iranologist Richard Nelson Frye: The Culture of Persia has thus developed over several thousand years. Persian is the predominant and official language of Iran and throughout Iran's history, it has been the nation's most influential literary language. Azerbaijani is spoken primarily and widely in the northwest, Kurdish and Luri are spoken primarily in the west, Mazandarani and Gilaki spoken in the regions along the Caspian Sea, Arabic primarily in the Persian Gulf coastal regions, Balochi primarily in the southeast, and Turkmen primarily in northern border regions. But historically, the peoples of what are now Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,[67][68] Eastern Georgia, and Afghanistan are related to one another as part of the larger group of peoples of the Greater Iranian cultural and historical sphere. [15][16][17] Iranian literature has been described as one of the great literature's of humanity and one of the four main bodies of world literature. Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia, Contributions to humanity in ancient history. "Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki". [34] These often are improvisational dances and utilize delicate, graceful movements of the hands and arms, such as wrist circles. Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). In addition to these herbs/spices, a special baked and decorated flatbread, a basket of decorated eggs, decorated almonds, walnuts and hazelnuts (in their shell to represent fertility), a basket of pomegranates/apples (for a joyous future as these fruits are considered divine), a cup of rose water (from special Persian roses)—which helps perfume the air, a bowl made out of sugar (apparently to sweeten life for the newlywed couple), and a brazier holding burning coals and sprinkled with wild rue (as a way to keep the evil eye away and to purify the wedding ritual) are placed on the spread as well. 1 source for hot moms, cougars, grannies, GILF, MILFs and more. [23] There remain a few literary works of the extinct Iranian language of Old Azeri that was used in Azerbaijan prior to the linguistic Turkification of the people of the region. The best known Persian directors are Abbas Kiarostami, Majid Majidi, Jafar Panahi and Asghar Farhadi. (2013). Ethnologue estimates that there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest among them being Persian, Pashto, and the Kurdish dialect continuum with an estimated 150-200 million native speakers of the Iranian languages worldwide. These dances involve trance, music and complex movements. Modern Iranian literature includes Persian literature, Azerbaijani literature, Kurdish literature and the literature of the remaining minority languages. Because of the long history of fine silk and wool rug weaving in Iran, Persian rugs are world-renowned as some of the most beautiful, intricately designed rugs available. As time progressed, the complexity and beauty of rugs increased to a point where rugs are now bought as decorative pieces. Yalda (which is the longest night of the year) (December 21), Nowrooz—which is the Iranian equivalent of New Years (20 March), the Prophet's Birthday and Imam Sadeq (4 June), and the Death of Imam Khomeini (5 June). The Iranian government actively pursues the persecution of Baháʼís. [45][46], Iranian architectural style is the combination of intensity and simplicity to form immediacy, while ornament and, often, subtle proportions reward sustained observation. Since the 1979 Revolution, Iranian women have had more opportunities in some areas and more restrictions in others. [58], Cuisine in Iran is considered to be one of the most ancient forms of cuisine around the world. Iranian art has gone through numerous phases, which is evident from the unique aesthetics of Iran. Craftsmanship in Iranian Architecture. This is a list of notable Iranian-Americans of all Iranian ethnic backgrounds, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants.. To be included in this list, the person must have a Wikipedia article showing they are Iranian-American or must have references showing they are Iranian American. The ceremony takes place in a decorated room with flowers and a beautifully decorated spread on the floor. [34][35], Spiritual dances in Iran are known as "sama". [22] Azerbaijani literature has also had a profound effect on Iran's literature with it being developed highly after Iran's first reunification in 800 years under the Safavid Empire, whose rulers themselves wrote poetry. Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (20 July 2005). By law people were able to buy and sell these documents or exchange them. In Schiffman, Harold (ed.). [26][27] These poets have inspired the likes of Goethe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and many others. During recent decades, Iranian women have had significant presence in Iran's scientific movement, art movement, literary new wave and contemporary Iranian cinema. The predominant language and national language of Iran is Persian, which is spoken fluently across the country. [50] The style and design of the Iranian garden greatly influenced the garden styles of countries from Spain to Italy and Greece to India, with some notable examples of such gardens being the gardens of the Alhambra in Spain, Humayun's Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, the Hellenistic gardens of the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemies in Alexandria. [34], War or Combat dances, imitate combat or help to train the warrior. Some popular rice dishes include boiled rice with a variety of ingredients such as meats, vegetables, and seasonings ("plov") including dishes like chelo-horesh, shish kebab with rice, chelo-kebab, rice with lamb, meatballs with rice, and kofte (plain boiled rice). An excellent animation depicting the intricate details of the traditional interior design: (click). (500 BC) - First Banking System of the World, at the time of the Achaemenid, establishment of Governmental Banks to help farmers at the time of drought, floods, and other natural disasters in form of loans and forgiveness loans to restart their farms and husbandries. Iran has one of the oldest, richest and most influential art heritages in the world which encompasses many disciplines including literature, music, dance, architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stonemasonry. In addition, Iranian cuisine is famous for its sweets. In conjunction with music, the artifacts depicted actors, dancers and ordinary people dancing in plays, dramas, celebrations, mourning and religious rituals with equipment such as costumes of animals or plants, masks and surrounding objects. [56] [34], Solo dances are usually reconstructions of the historical and court dances of the various Iranian dynasties throughout history, with the most common types being that of the Safavid and Qajar dynasties due to them being relatively newer. The culture of education for women was established by the time of revolution so that even after the revolution, large numbers of women entered civil service and higher education,[60] and in 1996 fourteen women were elected to the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The South Caucasus and Central Asia "occupy an important place in the historical geography of Persian civilization." Find the best information and most relevant links on all topics related toThis domain may be for sale! [47], The traditional architecture of Iran throughout the ages is categorized into 2 families and six following classes or styles. (864 AD - 930 AD) - First systematic use of. According to a UNESCO world survey, at the primary level of enrollment Iran has the highest female to male ratio in the world among sovereign nations, with a female to male ratio of 1.22 : 1.00. Iranian architecture makes use of abundant symbolic geometry, using pure forms such as the circle and square, and plans are based on often symmetrical layouts featuring rectangular courtyards and halls. If the equinox falls after noon, then the next day is the official first day of the Persian year. Among these attested names, Barbad is remembered in many documents and has been named as remarkably high skilled. "Foreword". The court of Khosrow II hosted a number of prominent musicians, including Azad, Bamshad, Barbad, Nagisa, Ramtin, and Sarkash. Iran possesses four categories of dance with these being: group dances, solo improvisational dance, war or combat dances and spiritual dances. Iranian chess (shatranj) set, glazed fritware, 12th century. Like the Persian carpet that exhibits numerous colors and forms in a dazzling display of warmth and creativity, Persian culture is the glue that bonds the peoples of western and central Asia. These Governmental Banks were effective in different forms until the end of Sassanian Empire before invasion of Arabs to Persia. In this process, the bride and groom, as well as their respective guardians, sign a marriage contract. Additional holidays include The Anniversary of the Uprising Against the Shah (30 January), Ashoura (11 February), Victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution (20 January), Sizdah-Bedar—Public Outing Day to end Nowrooz (1 April), and Islamic Republic Day (2 April). [4][5][8] Iran's rich history has had a significant impact on the world through art, architecture, poetry, science and technology, medicine, philosophy and engineering. According to the CIA Factbook, 78% of Iranians speaks an Iranian language as their native tongue, 18% speak a Turkic language as their native tongue and 2% speak a Semitic language as their native tongue while the remaining 2% speak languages from various other groups. [40] The cult was highly adhered and respected throughout the Roman Empire with it center in Rome, and was popular throughout the western half of the empire, as far south as Roman Africa and Numidia, as far north as Roman Britain, and to a lesser extent in Roman Syria in the east. [50], Zoroastrianism was the national faith of Iran for more than a millennium before the Arab conquest. Medes and Soghdians), or were in close cultural contact with them (e.g. [29] It has mainly influenced and built up much of the musical terminology of the neighboring Turkic and Arabic cultures, and reached India through the 16th-century Persianate Mughal Empire, whose court promoted new musical forms by bringing Iranian musicians. Ebadi, Shirin, Iran Awakening : A Memoir of Revolution and Hope by Shirin Ebadi with Azadeh Moaveni, Random House, 2006 (p.210). [42][43], The history of Iranian architecture dates back to at least 5,000 BC with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Turkey and Iraq to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to the South Caucasus and Zanzibar. In Iranian cuisine, there are many dishes that are made from dairy products. [11] It must be noted that although the Azerbaijanis speak a Turkic language, due to their culture, history and genetics, they are often associated with the Iranian peoples. Finally, there are additional items that must be placed on the spread, including a bowl of gold coins (to represent wealth and prosperity), a scarf/shawl made of silk/fine fabric (to be held over the bride and groom's head at certain points in the ceremony), two sugar cones—which are ground above the bride and groom's head, thus symbolizing sweetness/happiness, a cup of honey (to sweeten life), a needle and seven strands of colored thread (the shawl that is held above the bride and groom's head is sewn together with the string throughout the ceremony), and a copy of the couple's Holy Book (other religions require different texts); but all of these books symbolize God's blessing for the couple. "Persian". [28], Iranian music has directly influenced the cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, Europe and South Asia. This phase usually takes place in the bride's home. An ancient ice house, called a yakhchal, built in ancient times for storing ice during summers. The use of both vertical and horizontal angular harps have been documented at the archaeological sites of Madaktu (650 BC) and Kul-e Fara (900–600 BC), with the largest collection of Elamite instruments documented at Kul-e Fara. Key notables include Shirin Aliabadi, Mohammed Ehsai, Ramin Haerizadeh, Rokni Haerizadeh, Golnaz Fathi, Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, Parastou Forouhar, Pouran Jinchi, Farhad Moshiri, Shirin Neshat, Parviz Tanavoli, Y. [69][70] What follows is a list of just a few examples of the cultural contributions of Greater Iran. This theme has not only given continuity and longevity to the architecture of Iran, but has been a primary source of its emotional character of the nation as well. No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam, Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies, National Security Whistleblowers Coalition, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Recovered: Journeys Through the Autism Spectrum and Back, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory, INCEIF (International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, United States National Academy of Sciences, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Center for Wireless Information Network Studies, Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, International Society for Experimental Hematology, Stanford Technology Trading Group International, Funny in Farsi: A Memoir of Growing Up Iranian in America, Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions, United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division, National Committee on American Foreign Policy, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, "Ghaffari, Roozbeh | Faculty | Northwestern Engineering", "Homayoon Kazerooni | Mechanical Engineering", "Robotic Prostate Surgery – NYC – The Mount Sinai Hospital", "Artist In Residence, Morehshin Allahyari", "Once Upon a Time in Iraq; Two Funds Fight Cancer –", "Bahador Kharazmi: Prince of the Underground", "Bahador Kharazmi on B.B.C Persian 7th Day", "Garage Radio Magazine – Limited Edition Of Slayer's Christ Illusion To Be Re-Released July 24", "Sheik Abdul Bashir – Online World of Wrestling", "Wrestling Hall of Fame – National Wrestling Hall of Fame", "Authorities Say Ali Irsan Stole Out of Greed and Murdered Out of Honor", List of top Iranian-American entrepreneurs, "Iranian-Americans Have Reached Highest Echelons Of Tech, But Still Failed To Stop Visa Restriction", "How The MIT Of Iran Helps Create Silicon Valley Startups", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Iranian_Americans&oldid=1024336648, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sam Chitsaz, interventional cardiologist, Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, Fellow of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Gelareh Bagherzadeh, an Iranian residing in Houston, Texas, killed in 2012 in an, This page was last edited on 21 May 2021, at 14:20. After this legal process is over, the second phase, "Jashn-e Aroosi" takes place. "The effect of Persia's culture and civilization on the world" (Taʼ̲sīr-i farhang va tamaddun-i Īrān dar jahān). MatureTube.com is the nr. [62] As of 2005, 65% of Iran's university students and 43% of its salaried workers were women. Abbās Qadiyānī (عباس قدياني). In this step, which is basically the wedding reception, where actual feasts and celebrations are held, typically lasts from about 3–7 days. Today of the 98% of Muslims living in Iran, around 89% are Shi'a and only around 9% are Sunni. Items are placed on this spread: a Mirror (of fate), two Candelabras (representing the bride and groom and their bright future), a tray of seven multi-colored herbs and spices (including poppy seeds, wild rice, angelica, salt, nigella seeds, black tea, and frankincense). Nous voudrions effectuer une description ici mais le site que vous consultez ne nous en laisse pas la possibilité. Spooner, Brian (2012). Some notable greats of Iranian poetry which have had major global influence include the likes of Ferdowsi, Sa'di, Hafiz, Attar, Nezami, Rumi and Omar Khayyam. CCIE #2191 - DON FORBES (1,Routing and Switching) CCIE #2193 - DAWID BRINK (1,Routing and Switching) CCIE #2195 - JONATHON LADMORE (2,Routing and Switching, ISP Dial) CCIE #2197 - PAUL BLAKESLEE (1,Routing and Switching) CCIE #2198 - LOUIS SENECAL (2,Routing and Switching, Security) CCIE #2200 - CLYDE OLIVER (1,Routing and Switching) CCIE #2209 - EARL TOMAN (1,Routing and … [54] The Persian language has been often dubbed as the most worthy language of the world to serve as a conduit for poetry. "Iranian languages". Iran currently produces more rugs and carpets than all other countries in the world put together.[57]. The word of [Bonchaq, or Bonchagh] in modern Persian language is new version of old Avestan and Pahlavi language "Check". "Ethnologue report for Iranian". Although the date of certain holidays in Iran are not exact (due to the calendar system they use, most of these holidays are around the same time), some of the major public holidays in Iran include Oil Nationalization Day (20 March). He was a poet-musician who developed modal music, may have invented the lute and the musical tradition that was to transform into the forms of dastgah and maqam. [21] As soon as circumstances permitted, the Iranians wrote books and assembled libraries. The first stage is known as "Aghd", which is basically the legal component of marriage in Iran. (500 BC) - The word Check has a Persian root in old Persian language. [38] The Cult of Mithra were active from the 1st Century CE to the 4th Century CE and worshiped a mystery religion inspired by the Iranian worship of Mithra. There is a resurgence of interest in Iranian contemporary artists and in artists from the larger Iranian diaspora. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. [30], The reign of Sassanian ruler Khosrow II is regarded as a "golden age" for Iranian music. Usually, both phases take place in one day. The only way that Iranians could protect these books was to bury them but many of the texts were forgotten over time. [48], In addition to historic gates, palaces, bridges, buildings and religious sites which highlight the highly developed supremacy of the Iranian art of architecture, Iranian gardens are also an example of Iran's comic symbolism and unique style of combining intensity and simplicity for form immediacy. Iranian sweets typically involve the use of honey, cinnamon, lime juice, and sprouted wheat grain. [44][45], The traditional theme of Iranian architecture is cosmic symbolism, which depicts the communication and participation of man with the powers of heaven. Currently, there are 19 UNESCO designated World Heritage Sites that were designed and constructed by Iranians, with 11 of them being located outside of Iran. Thus, Christians that live in Iran are primarily descendants of indigenous Christians that were converted during the 19th and 20th centuries. In Persian it means a document which resembles money value for gold, silver and property. An example of such dance is that of the Balochi's called "le'b gowati", which is performed to rid a supposedly possessed person of the possessing spirit. An early age in marriage—especially for brides—is a long documented feature of marriage in Iran. Typically, the group dances are often unique and named after the region or the ethnic groups with which they are associated with. From the humble brick, to the windmill, Persians have mixed creativity with art and offered the world numerous contributions. Contemporary Iranian literature has been influenced by classical Persian poetry, but also reflects the particularities of modern-day Iran, through writers such as Houshang Moradi-Kermani, the most translated modern Iranian author, and poet Ahmad Shamlou. [20], Very few literary works of Pre-Islamic Iran have survived, due partly to the destruction of the libraries of Persepolis by Alexander of Macedon during the era of the Achaemenids and subsequent invasion of Iran by the Arabs in 641, who sought to eradicate all non-Quranic texts. Hopfe, Lewis M.; Richardson, Henry Neil (September 1994). The Iranian women who had gained confidence and higher education during the Pahlavi era participated in demonstrations against the Shah to topple the monarchy. Dances from ancient artifacts, excavated at the archaeological pre-historic sites of Iran, portray a vibrant culture that mixes different forms of dances for all occasions. Followers of the Christian faith consist of around 250,000 Armenians, around 32,000 Assyrians, and a small number of Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Protestant Iranians that have been converted by missionaries in earlier centuries. This spread is typically passed down from mother to daughter and is composed of very nice fabric such as "Termeh" (cashmere), "Atlas" (gold embroidered satin), or "Abrisham" (silk). 1) (e.g. The Iranian Language of Azerbaijan", "Dance, Play, Drama; a Survey of Dramatic Actions in Pre-Islamic Artifacts of Iran", "Spirituality in Iranian Music and Dance Conversations with Morteza Varzi", "Persian Dance and It's Forgotten History", "Persian Rugs, Persian Carpets, and Oriental Rugs", "Forbes: Why Today's Iranian Art is One of your best investments", "Adult education offers new opportunities and options to Iranian women", "Girls to boys ratio, primary level enrolment statistics - countries compared", "Islam and Science: An Islamist revolution", "Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusuion, and impact", "Livestock genetic origins : Goats buck the trend", http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4272210.stm, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0839873.html, http://www.mmdtkw.org/VAncientInventions.html, http://www.birdnature.com/nov1899/peach.html, http://www.free-definition.com/Abu-Bakr-Mohammad-Ibn-Zakariya-al-Razi.html, http://www.flowermonthclub.com/newsletters/vol3no4.htm, http://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/tulips2.html, http://www.csmonitor.com/1997/1125/112597.us.us.3.html, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Of Iran Official Website, Secretariat of The High Council of The Cultural Revolution, Islamic Republic of Iran Physical Education Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran Academy of The Arts, Islamic Republic of Iran International Center for Dialogue Among Civilizations, Iran Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Ministry of Intelligence and National Security, Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO), Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Iran&oldid=1024207554, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Our porno collection is huge and it's constantly growing. With 300 international awards in the past 10 years, Iranian films continue to be celebrated worldwide. [61] By 1999, Iran had 140 female publishers, enough to hold an exhibition of books and magazines published by women. The Culture of Iran (Persian: فرهنگ ایران) or Culture of Persia is one of the most influential cultures in the world. This is a list of notable Iranian-Americans of all Iranian ethnic backgrounds, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants. An illustration of Iran's deep artistic heritage.
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