You can find a detailed description of how we use your data in our Privacy Policy. Montborget | Steven Myers reports, "The church, once heavily repressed, had emerged from the Soviet collapse as one of the most respected institutions... Now Kiril led the faithful directly into an alliance with the state. [311] Russian is the only official state language, but the Constitution gives the individual republics the right to establish their own state languages in addition to Russian. La Russie est lancée dans la course au vaccin contre le Covid-19. We are committed to protecting your personal information and we have updated our Privacy Policy to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a new EU regulation that went into effect on May 25, 2018. Multiple war memorials, marked by a great restrained solemnity, were built throughout the country. Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History, by Dilip Hiro. Production levels are already higher than in Britain and Germany. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Les Friques | One is "русские" (russkiye), which most often means "ethnic Russians". Information générale sur la Russie La situation géopolitique. [183], Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of Russian exports abroad. About half of the country's total area is forested, concentrating around four-fifths of its total population of over 146.7 million on its smaller and dense western portion, as opposed to its larger and sparse eastern portion. This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements. Dompierre | The Soviet national team became the first European Champions by winning Euro 1960. The 1965 Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralization of the Soviet economy and shifted the emphasis from heavy industry and weapons to light industry and consumer goods but was stifled by the conservative Communist leadership. Informations et Actualités sur la Russie. Russia is a major great power, and a potential superpower, with the world's second-most powerful military, and the fourth-highest military expenditure. Putin suppressed the Chechen insurgency although sporadic violence still occurs throughout the Northern Caucasus. Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky and other 18th-century academicians mostly focused on portrait painting. [citation needed] However, unofficial estimates put the budget significantly higher, for example the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2013 Military Expenditure Database estimated Russia's military expenditure in 2012 at US$90.749 billion. Dezember 2014) gehörte Russy zu den kleinen Gemeinden des Kantons Freiburg. The points which are farthest separated in longitude are 6,600 km (4,101 mi) apart along a geodesic line. By the end of the civil war, Russia's economy and infrastructure were heavily damaged. "[193][194] Nach dem Zusammenbruch des Ancien Régime (1798) gehörte Russy während der Helvetik (bis 1803) zum Bezirk Avenches, danach zum Bezirk Montagny und ab 1831 zum neu geschaffenen Bezirk Dompierre, bevor es 1848 in den Bezirk Broye eingegliedert wurde. Mai 2019 um 21:05 Uhr bearbeitet. With the exception of 2010 and 2018 a Soviet or Russian pair has won gold at every Winter Olympics since 1964. In winter, temperatures get colder both from south to north and from west to east. In the 18th century, during the era of Russian Enlightenment, the development of Russian literature was boosted by the works of Mikhail Lomonosov and Denis Fonvizin. By 1941 only 500 churches remained open out of about 54,000 in existence prior to World War I. Russia issues extraordinary statement over reports CIA agents were attacked in Australia In 1654, the Ukrainian leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, offered to place Ukraine under the protection of the Russian Tsar, Aleksey I. Aleksey's acceptance of this offer led to another Russo-Polish War. Fétigny | In December 2011, Russia was approved as a member of the World Trade Organisation after 18 years of dialogue, allowing it a greater access to overseas markets. Its economy ranks as the eleventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fifth-largest by PPP. Der Gemeindeboden erstreckt sich vom Tälchen des Ruisseau de la Baume nach Südosten über den sanft geneigten Hang und die Terrasse von Russy bis auf die angrenzende Waldhöhe mit Petit Belmont (588 m ü. M.), La Côte (634 m ü. M.) und Grand Belmont, auf dem mit 658 m ü. M. der höchste Punkt von Russy liegt. Russie Info vous propose une petite sélection de romans russes contemporains à lire. [276] They were triggered by the lack of proper response from the Russian authorities to the published investigative film He Is Not Dimon To You, which has garnered more than 20 million views on YouTube. Später erschienen die Schreibweisen Russie (1267), Russye (1272) und Russy (1578). Little can prepare most visitors for the scale and quality of the exhibits at the State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolist painting, represented by Mikhail Vrubel, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, and Nicholas Roerich. [231] While large farms concentrate mainly on grain production and husbandry products, small private household plots produce most of the country's potatoes, vegetables and fruits. [70] Nearly 3 million Soviet POWs in German captivity were murdered in just eight months of 1941–42. The Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II[75] and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. In martial arts, Russia produced the sport Sambo and renowned fighters, like Fedor Emelianenko. De nombreuses actions pour célébrer le 75e anniversaire de la Victoire sur l'Allemagne nazie ont eu lieu dans un format en ligne, de sorte que les Russes ont pu sentir l'atmosphère de la fête sans quitter la maison. [387] Russia has a free education system, which is guaranteed for all citizens by the Constitution,[388] however entry to subsidised higher education is highly competitive. In cultural and social affairs, Vladimir Putin has collaborated closely with the Russian Orthodox Church. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 30. Between the 3rd and 6th centuries AD, the Bosporan Kingdom, a Hellenistic polity which succeeded the Greek colonies,[21] was also overwhelmed by nomadic invasions led by warlike tribes, such as the Huns and Eurasian Avars. Russia runs regular trade surpluses primarily due to exports of commodities. Gorky suffered the most from the bombing. Notable philosophers of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries include Vladimir Solovyev, Sergei Bulgakov, and Vladimir Vernadsky. In 1648, the Bering Strait between Asia and North America was passed for the first time by Fedot Popov and Semyon Dezhnyov. Federal districts' envoys serve as liaisons between the federal subjects and the federal government and are primarily responsible for overseeing the compliance of the federal subjects with the federal laws. Mais c’est surtout un chant dédié à la mémoire des soldats tombés au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, interprété par la célèbre soprano russe Daria Davidova. In 1956 and 1988, the Soviet Union won gold at the Olympic football tournament. [385][386], As of 2018[update], the average life expectancy at birth in Russia is 72.4 years (66.9 years for males and 77.6 years for females). [79] The Soviet economy and infrastructure suffered massive devastation which caused the Soviet famine of 1946–47,[80] but the Soviet Union emerged as an acknowledged military superpower on the continent. He was also the first to take the title "Grand Duke of all the Russias". Aleksandr Butlerov was one of the creators of the theory of chemical structure, playing a central role in organic chemistry. The uprising was put down, but the government was forced to concede major reforms (Russian Constitution of 1906), including granting the freedoms of speech and assembly, the legalization of political parties, and the creation of an elected legislative body, the State Duma of the Russian Empire. [73] Under Stalin's administration and the leadership of such commanders as Georgy Zhukov and Konstantin Rokossovsky, Soviet forces took Eastern Europe in 1944–45 and captured Berlin in May 1945. [96] The Barents Sea, White Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Sea of Japan are linked to Russia via the Arctic and Pacific. About 40% of basic medical facilities have fewer staff than they are supposed to have, with others being closed down. Vernay | [258] One fourth of the world's fresh surface and groundwater is located in Russia. Von der ehemaligen Gemeindefläche entfielen 1997 3 % auf Siedlungen, 35 % auf Wald und Gehölze und 62 % auf Landwirtschaft. [128] From the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia has initially developed a friendlier relationship with the United States and NATO, however today, the trilateral relationship has significantly deteriorated due to several issues and conflicts between Russia and the Western countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some government-funded space exploration programs, including the Buran space shuttle program, were cancelled or delayed, while participation of the Russian space industry in commercial activities and international cooperation intensified. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the SCO, the G20, the Council of Europe, the APEC, the OSCE, the IIB and the WTO, as well as being the leading member of the CIS, the CSTO and a member of the EAEU. Terrorist attacks against civilians carried out by separatists, most notably the Moscow theater hostage crisis and Beslan school siege, caused hundreds of deaths and drew worldwide attention. Many other Soviet and Russian space exploration records ensued, including the first spacewalk performed by Alexei Leonov, Luna 9 was the first spacecraft to land on the Moon, Zond 5 brought the first Earthlings (two tortoises and other life forms) to circumnavigate the Moon, Venera 7 was the first to land on another planet (Venus), Mars 3 then the first to land on Mars, the first space exploration rover Lunokhod 1, and the first space station Salyut 1 and Mir. Russy (Freiburger Patois Ruchi?/i) war bis am 31. [citation needed] In recent years, the country has significantly strengthened bilateral ties with the People's Republic of China by signing the Treaty of Friendship as well as building the Trans-Siberian oil pipeline and gas pipeline from Siberia to China, and has since formed a special relationship with China. The reigns of Catherine the Great and her grandson Alexander I saw the flourishing of Neoclassical architecture, most notably in the capital city of Saint Petersburg. Stepping onto Red Square never ceases to inspire: the tall towers and imposing walls of the Kremlin, the playful jumble of patterns and colours adorning St Basil’s Cathedral, the majestic red bricks of the State History Museum and the elaborate edifice of the GUM department store, all encircling a vast stretch of cobblestones. [255][256] In February 2019, it was announced that Russia is intending to conduct its first crewed mission to land on the Moon in 2031.[257]. The country ended 2008 with its ninth straight year of growth, but growth has slowed with the decline in the price of oil and gas. Später erschienen die Schreibweisen Russie (1267), Russye (1272) und Russy (1578). Bussy | [408] Eisenstein was a student of filmmaker and theorist Lev Kuleshov, who developed the Soviet montage theory of film editing at the world's first film school, the All-Union Institute of Cinematography. [218], Reuters reported that U.S. companies "generated more than $90 billion in revenue from Russia in 2017. Relations at Worst Level in History", "Russia in milestone oil pipeline supply to China", "Indian navy gets Russian carrier as it seeks to bolster military", "In Russian: МИД России назвал доклад Freedom House "дубиной" в руках Вашингтона", "Is Putin right? Whichever section you choose, Baikal’s gobsmacking vistas and the tough going will leave you breathless as you pass through virgin taiga (swampy coniferous forest), along isolated beaches and through cold, flowing rivers. The Russian bear is an animal symbol and Mother Russia a national personification of Russia, though the bear image has a Western origin and Russians themselves have accepted it only fairly recently. Many Soviet cartoon heroes such as the Russian-style Winnie-the-Pooh, cute little Cheburashka, Wolf and Hare from Nu, Pogodi!, are iconic images in Russia and many surrounding countries. [191] The country has a higher proportion of higher education graduates than any other country in Eurasia. The country participates in the Quartet on the Middle East and the Six-party talks with North Korea. Subsequently, the Germans were dealt major defeats first at the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942–43,[72] and then in the Battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943. 1 – 13)", "Конституция Республики Мордовия (принята 21 сентября 1995 г.) Ethnic Russian clothes include kaftan, kosovorotka and ushanka for men, sarafan and kokoshnik for women, with lapti and valenki as common shoes. Zu Russy gehören einige Einzelhöfe. Now if only they could fix that weather…. [277], With a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census,[279] rising to 146.7 million as of 2020. A new anti-religious campaign, launched in 1929, coincided with collectivization of peasants; destruction of churches in the cities peaked around 1932. Wikisource has original works on the topic: Information technology, including both common products and the products combined with, Officially the Republic of China, participates as ", This page was last edited on 6 November 2020, at 09:19. [197] As of March 2016[update], the ruble was devalued more than 50 percent since July 2014. The Federal Structure, Article 68", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition", "Information about availability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 1 January 2017 (by federal subjects of Russia)", "The Russian federation: general characteristics", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation", "The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Rus – definition of Rus by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia", "History of Russia from Early Slavs history and Kievan Rus to Romanovs dynasty". As in the rest of Europe, plague was a frequent occurrence between 1350 and 1490. Great ranges of temperature are typical. Soviet and later Russian athletes have always been in the top four for the number of gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics. In 2015, Russia main exports are oil and natural gas (62.8% of total exports), ores and metals (5.9%), chemical products (5.8%), machinery and transport equipment (5.4%) and food (4.7%). Russia has an extensive coastline of over 37,000 km (22,991 mi) along the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, as well as along the Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea and Caspian Sea. As for the Russian Orthodox Church, Soviet authorities sought to control it and, in times of national crisis, to exploit it for the regime's own purposes; but their ultimate goal was to eliminate it. [381] While Russia has more physicians, hospitals, and health care workers than almost any other country in the world on a per capita basis,[382] since the dissolution of the Soviet Union the health of the Russian population has declined considerably as a result of social, economic, and lifestyle changes;[383] the trend has been reversed only in the recent years, with average life expectancy having increased 6.8 years for males and 4.2 years for females between 2006 and 2018. Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention in the period immediately following 1917, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin by Sergei Eisenstein. Russia beguiles and fascinates with its world-class art and epic landscapes, and with a little perseverance and a sense of humour, you can easily enrich your first-time visiting the world's largest country. [142], The Russian military is divided into the Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force. L'exposition "Notre Victoire - 75" conçue comme une grande chronique visuelle de la vie russe au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Die Bevölkerungszahl von Russy belief sich 1900 auf 228 Einwohner. Comprising an almost unrivalled history of Western art, the collection includes a staggering number of Rembrandts, Rubens and Matisses – the latter being displayed in new galleries in the General Staff Building. Vesin | For those just starting out as a mountaineer, here are a few ‘fourteeners’ – mountains higher than 14,000ft – to get you started. [187] In 2006, Russia repaid most of its formerly massive debts,[citation needed] leaving it with one of the lowest foreign debts among major economies. This bombardment is comparable to the London Blitz. [399], During the early 20th century, Russian ballet dancers Anna Pavlova and Vaslav Nijinsky rose to fame, and impresario Sergei Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes' travels abroad profoundly influenced the development of dance worldwide. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. MOSCOW(Sputnik) - The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) in conjunction with Tsifromed IT company — a subsidiary of state tech developer Rostec and Rostelecom network provider — as well as Doctis online medical consultation service is creating a joint venture (JV) to develop a unified telemedicine platform, the RDIF stated. One logical place to connect with this route is Novosibirsk, Russia's third-largest city and home to a mammoth train station and an impressive opera house. Dependent socialist governments were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states. No longer a remote satellite of Moscow, Vladivostok is Asia’s rising star, and Golden Horn Bay is its heart and soul. Portrait d’une artiste peintre franco-russe, Liudmila Ménager. In 2013, Russia was visited by 28.4 million tourists; it is the ninth-most visited country in the world and the seventh-most visited in Europe. Others include: pharmaceuticals, textile and footwear, plastics and optical instruments. L’Observatoire français de Russie propose une analyse des perspectives économiques. All the latest news and stories from Russia. La Russie est le premier pays au monde à avoir provisoirement homologué un vaccin contre la Covid-19. [339] According to the same study, Christianity experienced significant increase since the fall of the USSR in 1991,[362] and more Russians say they are Christian now (73%) than say they were raised Christian (65%). In the 2000s, in order to create higher education and research institutions of comparable scale in Russian regions, the government launched a program of establishing "federal universities", mostly by merging existing large regional universities and research institutes and providing them with a special funding. 15–16. The Russian anthem shares its music with the Soviet Anthem, though not the lyrics. Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the second largest in the world,[83] but during its last years it was afflicted by shortages of goods in grocery stores, huge budget deficits, and explosive growth in the money supply leading to inflation.[84]. Russia’s new day trains follow a triangular route connecting Petrozavodsk, Novgorod and Pskov. La Russie est le plus grand pays du monde par sa superficie. [60] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought, led to the Soviet famine of 1932–1933,[61] which killed between 2 and 3 million people in the Russian SFSR. Jahrhunderts pendelte die Bevölkerungszahl im Bereich zwischen 200 und 230 Einwohnern. A l’occasion du 8 mars, notre attention se porte sur une administration peu féminisée qui façonne la politique étrangère de la Russie. [295], Since 2006, the Russian government started simplifying immigration laws and launched a state program "for providing assistance to voluntary immigration of ethnic Russians from former Soviet republics". However, upon Elizabeth's death, all these conquests were returned to the Kingdom of Prussia by pro-Prussian Peter III of Russia. Morens | After Stalin's death and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the cult of personality of Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization. Some of Stalin’s most brutal repressions took place on these remote, forested islands, reachable only by boat and small plane and made infamous by Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago. The late 1980s and 1990s were a period of crisis in Russian cinema and animation. Roscosmos is also developing the Orel spacecraft, to replace the aging Soyuz, it could also conduct mission to lunar orbit as early as 2026. Exclusive: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi is the Only Candidate Who Can Lead Libya Out of Chaos, Muammar Gaddafi’s Cousin Says. Russian achievements in the field of space technology and space exploration are traced back to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the father of theoretical astronautics. 2 arms dealer", "Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2014", "Russia's defense spending grows to third largest in the world", "Treaty Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on Ascension to the Russian Federation of the Republic of Crimea and on Establishment of New Subjects Within the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 28 December 2010 No. The bombing of the Volga capital destroyed the largest automobile plant GAZ. All this formed the climate for the Russian Revolution of 1917, carried out in two major acts. ", Country Comparison :: Natural gas – proved reserves, Country Comparison :: Oil – proved reserves, "BP Statistical review of world energy June 2007", Country Comparison :: Natural gas – exports, Country Comparison :: Natural gas – production, "International Energy Agency – Oil Market Report", Country Comparison :: Electricity – production, "BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2009: Hydroelectricity consumption", Russia builds nuclear power stations all over the world, "China and Russia sign $400 billion 30-year gas deal", "Factbox: U.S. companies with exposure to Russia", "President Obama's Signature Paves Way for Permanent Normal Trade Relations with Russia and Moldova", "Russian Federation | SITC Rev2 Groups | Exports to World | 2015 | WITS | Data", "OEC – Russia (RUS) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Russian Federation – Trade At a glance – Most Recent Value – WITS – Data", Russia takes the third place in the world by grain exports, "Russia has emerged as an agricultural powerhouse", "Despite sanctions Russian wheat export is breaking the records", Main agricultural products by type of owners, Exports and imports of fish and sea products, "Innovations and investments urged to modernise Russian forest sector www.fao.org", "The Russian Federation Forest Sector Outlook Study to 2030", "CIA The World Factbook–Rank Order–Airports", "A photographer spent 3 months following commuters on the Moscow Metro to see what life is really like in the capital of Russia", "Weaponomics: The Economics of Small Arms", "American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "Russian space program in 2009: plans and reality", "В "Роскосмосе" решили переименовать новый космический корабль", "Russia may select first crew for its Federation spacecraft next year", Sanitation Country Profile Russian Federation, "Corruptions Perceptions Index 2019 for Russia", "Russia remains most corrupt country in Europe, according to Transparency International - EU-OCS - European Observatory of Crimes and Security", "В России предложили создать должность омбудсмена по борьбе с коррупцией", "Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective", "Russia lost 4 billion dollars on unfavorable state procurement contracts in the last year", "Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery", "Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine", "New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption | Voice of America - English", "Россия не борется с коррупцией и злоупотреблением на выборах", "Россия почти не борется с международными взятками", "Russia must urgently step up fight against foreign bribery - OECD", "Russia's Weaponization of Corruption (and Western Complicity)", Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, "Russian police arrest anti-corruption leader Navalny, hundreds more in nationwide rallies", "Kremlin Critic Says Russian Premier, Dmitri Medvedev, Built Property Empire on Graft", "According To The Latest Data Russia's Demography Is Still In Sharp Decline", "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. [137] Russian authorities dismiss these claims and especially criticise Freedom House. Beginning in the 8th century BC, Ancient Greek traders brought their civilization to the trade emporiums in Tanais and Phanagoria. In 882, his successor Oleg ventured south and conquered Kiev,[27] which had been previously paying tribute to the Khazars. The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology. Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia since the late 15th century, while the 16th century saw the development of unique tent-like churches culminating in Saint Basil's Cathedral. State symbols of Russia include the Byzantine double-headed eagle, combined with St. George of Moscow in the Russian coat of arms. "A case study of a currency crisis: The Russian default of 1998.
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