Ebola spreads slower, kills more than other diseases. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. This is called a spillover event. The Ebola virus disease is spread through contact with the blood, body fluids or organs of a person or animal with the infection. There is no evidence that mosquitoes or other insects can transmit Ebola virus. Ebola virus disease. Serologic studies show that Ebola virus has been detected in dogs and cats found in Ebola affected areas, but there are no reports of dogs or cats becoming sick with EVD, or spreading the Ebola virus to people or other animals.1Certain exotic or unusual pets (monkeys, apes, or pigs) have been known to be infected with Ebola virus. For the latest on Ebola in Africa see the World Health Organization's information on the Ebola virus. Ebola poses little risk to travelers or the general public who have not cared for or been in close contact (within 3 feet or 1 meter) with someone sick with Ebola. Any area where an outbreak happens should be immediately quarantined, and people who have the infection should be treated in isolation in intensive care. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Ebola can not be caught through routine social contact, such as shaking hands, with people who do not have symptoms. FAQs: Interim Guidance for Handling Untreated Sewage from Suspected or Confirmed Individuals with Ebola in the U.S. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/index.html?s_cid=cs_3923. This simulation shows how quickly 10 diseases, from more fatal to less fatal, could spread from one person to 100 unvaccinated people. The virus spreads through direct contact (such as through broken skin or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, or mouth) with: This mobile app estimates when a person with Ebola was exposed to the virus. Sometimes a doctor may want to take a sample of your blood, urine or poo so it can be checked for infections. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Health workers who do not use proper infection control while caring for Ebola patients, and family and friends in close contact with Ebola patients, are at the highest risk of getting sick. Cleaning and disinfection should be performed using a hospital-grade disinfectant. The Ebola virus soon spread to Guinea’s capital city of Conakry, and on March 13, 2014, the Ministry of Health in Guinea issued an alert for an unidentified illness. © 1998-2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). 2016;3:78. Shultz JM, et al. A person can only spread Ebola to other people after they develop signs and symptoms of Ebola. There is no evidence that Ebola can be spread through sex or other contact with vaginal fluids from a woman who has had Ebola. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. After five additional cases of fatal diarrhea occurred in that area, an official medical alert was issued on January 24, 2014, to the district health officials. Scientists think people are initially infected with Ebola virus through contact with an infected animal, such as a fruit bat or nonhuman primate. Disaster Health. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. People most at risk are those who care for infected people, such as aid workers, or those who handle their blood or body fluid, such as hospital workers, laboratory workers and family members. This period between exposure to an illness and having symptoms is known as the incubation period. This content does not have an Arabic version. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Accessed Jan. 25, 2016. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Pigs are the only species of livestock known to be at risk of infection by an Ebola virus. Accessed Jan. 25, 2016. During an Ebola outbreak, the virus can spread quickly within healthcare settings (such as clinics or hospitals). It's extremely unlikely that you have Ebola, but it could be another serious condition such as cholera or malaria, so get help in case you need tests or treatment. There are normally fewer than 500 cases reported each year, and no … "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Ebola virus disease: Q&As on transmission. See our safe care and visitor guidelines, plus trusted coronavirus information. Ebola is then spread from human to human through direct contact with the body fluids of another infected person. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Ebola was thus an old disease in a new context that favoured rapid and initially invisible spread. Nearly one million travellers have been screened, which helped identify some 72 suspected Ebola cases, thus reducing further spread. However, the UN agency warned that response is “grossly underfunded”. Guidance for Cleaning, Disinfection, and Waste Disposal in Commercial Passenger Aircraft, Notes on the Interim U.S. Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The infection may then cause internal bleeding as well as bleeding from the ears, eyes, nose or mouth. Accessed Jan. 25, 2016. Menu Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. There's currently no licensed treatment or vaccine for Ebola virus disease, although vaccines and drug therapies are being developed and tested. WHO has provided some $2.3 million in support so far, and has urged donors to back a $40 million plan by the Congolese government. Whether the virus is present in these body parts and for how long varies by survivor. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease. However, you should follow these simple precautions to minimise the risk of getting potentially serious infections: Page last reviewed: 6 August 2019 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Ebola virus disease is not transmitted through the air and does not spread through casual contact, such as being near an infected person. In the United States, hospital-grade disinfectant refers to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered hospital disinfectant pdf icon[PDF – 278KB]external icon with a label claim for a non-enveloped virus. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Call NHS 111 or contact a GP if you become ill after returning to the UK. The initial case, or index patient, was reported in December 2013. Ebola transmission: Can Ebola spread through the air? For most people visiting countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the risk of exposure to the Ebola virus is minimal. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. Healthcare workers should avoid contact with the body fluids of an infected patient by using protective equipment such as gloves, gown and mask. There is no evidence that mosquitoes or other insects can transmit Ebola virus. Ebola virus disease is often fatal, with 1 in 2 people dying from the disease. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/qas.html. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. A person infected with Ebola virus will typically develop: These symptoms start suddenly, between 2 and 21 days after becoming infected. Ebola was first identified in 1976 and occurs in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Blood or body fluids (urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and semen) of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola virus disease (EVD). Diarrhoea, being sick, a rash, stomach pain and reduced kidney and liver function can follow. Additionally, Ebola virus is not known to be transmitted through food. Close menu. These are sites where viruses and pathogens, like the Ebola virus, are shielded from the survivor’s immune system, even after being cleared elsewhere in the body. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. No one has caught Ebola from someone else in the UK. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Clinicians and other healthcare personnel providing care should use dedicated, preferably disposable, medical equipment. 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Next review due: 6 August 2022, World Health Organization's information on the Ebola virus, Ebola virus disease: information for humanitarian aid workers, directly touching the body of someone who has symptoms, or recently died from the disease, cleaning up body fluids (blood, poo, urine or vomit) or touching the soiled clothing of an infected person – the virus can survive for several days outside the body, touching unsterilised needles or medical equipment used in the care of the infected person, having sex with an infected person without using a condom – studies show traces of Ebola may remain in semen many months after recovery, handling or eating raw or undercooked "bushmeat", wash your hands frequently using soap and water – use alcohol hand rubs if soap is not available, make sure fruit and vegetables are washed and peeled before you eat them, avoid physical contact with anyone who has possible symptoms of an infection, do not handle dead animals or their raw meat, do not eat "bushmeat" (wild animals that have been killed for food). When people become infected with Ebola, they do not start developing signs or symptoms right away. As a result of these and other factors, the Ebola virus has behaved differently in West Africa than in equatorial Africa, challenging a number of previous assumptions. Joint pain: Rheumatoid arthritis or parvovirus? The disease has a high ri… The Foreign and Commonwealth Office also provides country by country advice for visitors, including the latest information on potential health risks. Get medical advice as soon as possible if you become ill while travelling abroad. Ebola can spread when people come into contact with infected blood or body fluids. However, in certain parts of the world, Ebola virus may spread through the handling and consumption of wild animal meat or hunted wild animals infected with Ebola. Guidance for Monitoring and Movement of Persons with Potential Ebola Virus Exposure, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. These areas include the testes, interior of the eyes, placenta, and central nervous system, particularly the cerebrospinal fluid. Ebola virus can survive on dry surfaces, like doorknobs and countertops for several hours; in body fluids like blood, the virus can survive up to several days at room temperature. Ebola virus disease is not transmitted through the air and does not spread through casual contact, such as being near an infected person. Accessed Jan. 25, 2016. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internallyand externally. Body fluids that can transmit Ebola include: Evidence suggests that Ebola is first introduced into the human population through handling or eating certain infected mammals such as monkeys, fruit bats, forest antelope and porcupines. The sooner a person is given care, the better the chance they'll survive. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/. After that, the virus spreads from person to person, potentially affecting a large number of people. For example, it can be spread by: directly touching the body of someone who has symptoms, or recently died from the disease; Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Proper cleaning and disposal of instruments such as needles and syringes are important. Unlike respiratory illnesses, which can spread by particles that remain in the air after an infected person coughs or sneezes, Ebola is spread by direct contact with body fluids of a person who is sick with Ebola. Bray, M, et al. Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Scientists are now studying how long the virus stays in these body fluids among Ebola survivors. Ebola virus disease is a serious viral infection that originated in sub-Saharan Africa. If a person sick with Ebola coughs or sneezes, and saliva or mucus touches another person's eyes, nose, mouth, or an open cut or wound, these fluids may spread Ebola. The virus can remain in certain body fluids (including semen) of a patient who has recovered from EVD, even if they no longer have symptoms of severe illness. The risk of catching Ebola virus disease while travelling in Africa is small. If instruments are not disposable, they must be sterilized before using again. An 18-month-old boy from a small village in Guinea is believed to have been infected by bats. This content does not have an English version. People infected with Ebola aren't contagious unless they have symptoms. FREE book offer – Mayo Clinic Health Letter, Ebola transmission Can Ebola spread through the air, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved. World Health Organization. The virus can remain in areas of the body that are immunologically privileged sites after acute infection. The Ebola virus disease is spread through contact with the blood, body fluids or organs of a person or animal with the infection. Handling objects that have been contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with or who has died from Ebola virus may also spread the disease. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Clinicians and other healthcare personnel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered hospital disinfectant, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP), Ebola Virus Disease Distribution Map: Cases of Ebola Virus Disease in Africa Since 1976, 2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equateur Province, 2018 Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola Outbreak Map, Ebola Communication and Awareness Resources, 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bikoro, Map of Ebola-Affected Health Zones in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bas Uélé District, 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak Distribution in West Africa, 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Epidemic Curves, 2014 Ebola Outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Long flights, long days mark vaccine campaign, How community feedback shapes the Ebola response, Ebola outbreak becomes a class act for EIS officers, Congo-born CDC photographer rooting for Ebola responders, Management of Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease, Considerations for Discharging PUIs for Ebola, Survivability of Ebola Virus in Medical Waste, Emergency Department Preparedness Training, Guidance for Confirmed Ebola Patients or Clinically Unstable PUIs, Preventing Injury from Injections and Sharps in Non-U.S. General Healthcare Settings, Hand Hygiene in Non-U.S. General Healthcare Settings, Rationale and Considerations for Chlorine Use in Infection Control for Non- U.S. General Healthcare Settings, Specimen Collection, Transport, and Submission, Managing and Testing Routine Clinical Specimens, Preparing Frontline Healthcare Facilities, Guidance for the U.S. Residence Decontamination for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) and Removal of Contaminated Waste. Infected fruit bats or nonhuman primates (such as apes and monkeys). Distinguishing epidemiological features of the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. Always remember to mention your recent travel history, as this may help to identify the cause. Ebola virus disease: Transmission. Semen from a man who recovered from EVD (through oral, vaginal, or anal sex). Objects (such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment) contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with or has died from EVD. Dehydration is common, so fluids may be given directly into a vein. Blood oxygen levels and blood pressure also needs to be maintained at the right level, and organs supported while the person's body fights the infection.
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