Nos. After extraction, the lungs were immediately frozen at −50°C using isopentane/dry ice and stored at −64°C. We anesthetized the rats using a combination of desflurane (7–12%), a single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (75 mg/kg), and 1% lignocain infiltrated into the operative field. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. These included a medial temporal cluster encompassing the left amygdala-hippocampal complex, extending into the hypothalamus, and a second cluster in the left posterior cingulate gyrus. Setting: Two senior service centres. Get the best of Sporcle when you Go Orange.This ad-free experience offers more features, more stats, and more fun while also helping to support Sporcle. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Int J Mol Sci. Sex and vasodilator responses to hypoxia at rest and during exercise. The PBF data are represented for different regions: right lung, left lung, ROIspecific of the injured and uninjured lung and for three transversal planes (apical, middle, and basal) of each lung. 2014 Mar;46(3):537-45. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a6a006. Because the PBF ratio varied from zero blood flow to maximal blood flow and the density in the same location varied from aerated to nonaerated, the maximal PBF in the injured region may have been accompanied by increases of varying magnitude in lung density. Herrero AJ, Menéndez H, Gil L, Martín J, Martín T, García-López D, Gil-Agudo A, Marín PJ. Crecelius AR, Kirby BS, Voyles WF, Dinenno FA. Most of the PBF/perfusion data that published regarding ALI or acute respiratory distress syndrome describe the regional blood flow distribution after lung injuries such as surfactant depletion,23,24 smoke inhalation,25 and oleic acid26,27 or endotoxin treatment.28,29 PBF and perfusion data collected after acid aspiration have rarely been published30 and to our knowledge, no blood flow data are currently available that concern the early phase (after 10 min) of acid-induced lung injury. Catheters were introduced into the femoral artery (0.9-mm Leader catheter; Vygon, Ecouen, France) and femoral vein (0.8-mm Umbilical Vessel Catheter; Tyco Healthcare, Tullamore, Ireland) to measure arterial blood pressure and heart rate (Component Monitoring System; Hewlett-Packard Model 54S; Saronno, Italy), to obtain arterial blood samples for the blood gas analyses (ABL 50; Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark), to measure hematocrit, and to provide intravenous infusions. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Get Tickets . An identical ROIspecific of the same volume was then placed on the contralateral lung in an anatomically corresponding position (fig. PBF ratio of the right to the left lung for the control group was not significant different from the PBF ratio of the injured to the uninjured lung for the injury group (fig 3; P = 0.16). Moreover, the difference between the ratios appeared to progress from the apical to the basal regions, indicating a slightly increased blood flow along the cranial to caudal axis in injured regions. By continuing to browse Region of interest (ROI) definition: six ROIs (apical, medial, and caudal) used for the calculation of maximal standardized uptake value for each side of the lung. (A) Red lines are focused on the same area within the lung before and after injury in the CT and PET scans. The PBF ratio of ROIspecific of the injured to uninjured side was 1.2 (1.1;1.3). The blood flow of iris, ciliary body-iris root, retina and choroid was increased by methyltyramine for 255%, 322%, 189%, and 189%, respectively, and by coumarin for 375%, 193%, 139% and 299%, respectively, at 120 minutes after drug administration. 2010 Aug;62(8):951-65. doi: 10.1211/jpp.62.08.0001. Microscopic photographs were taken (AxioImager.A1) and processed (Axiovision, AxioVs40 V4.8.1.0; Carl Zeiss Imaging Solutions, Jena, Germany). Although the acid aspiration technique has been standardized, the distally administered HCl may have been distributed unevenly. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are available in both the HTML and PDF versions of this article. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Acta Pharmacol Sin. Correlation between ventilation and perfusion determines VA/Q heterogeneity in endotoxemia. We were unable to explain this pattern by the larger involvement of morphological or functional structures. F. Blockade of α-adrenergic receptors via phentolamine reveals a substantial hypoxic (H) vasodilation [change (Δ) in forearm vascular conductance (FVC)] relative to respective normoxic (N) condition at rest and during rhythmic forearm contractions performed at a duty cycle of 1-s contraction and 2-s relaxation (20 contractions/min). Spatial distribution of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the supine pig. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. A study in rats demonstrated that previous high-flow areas were hyperperfused during hypoxic exercise.35 This type of hyperperfusion may have also occurred during local hypoxia in our study, resulting from blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction after ALI.36 During hypoxia, the endothelium releases relaxing factors that limit vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vascular bed.37 Acid aspiration promotes local hypoxia and may attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in injured regions, a finding also observed in sheep with pneumonia.38 Hyperperfusion alone was shown not to be responsible for increased lung endothelial barrier protein permeability in sheep.39 In contrast, hyperperfusion was associated with alveolar damage after single-lung ventilation in pigs.40 The increased blood flow in areas of acid aspiration could intensify a loss of fluid through the damaged endothelium with subsequent local edema formation during the early stages of inflammation. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. Spherical ROIs (ROIspecific) were used for the calculation of PBF and to determine the correlation between CT and PET measurements. Received from Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. eCollection 2017. ALI was induced via the instillation of 0.1 m HCl (0.4 ml/kg body weight) through a tracheostomy tube with a catheter inserted to maximum depth, causing selective injury to either the left or right lung at random. The spontaneously breathing animals were allowed to stabilize for 30 min after preparation and were then randomly assigned to either the control (n = 6) or the injury group (n = 12). The insertion of the instillation catheter to a maximum depth makes it likely that the damage does not extend to the other side of the lung and that it affects only the basal and middle regions. Structural requirements of flavonoids for increment of ocular blood flow in the rabbit and retinal function recovery in rat eyes. Find out about Lean Library here, If you have access to journal via a society or associations, read the instructions below. Grandbrothers Live in Paris. However, there was a statistically significant increase in PBF to the left-acid instilled lungs. These observations suggest that the injuries affected the selected ROIs, although it is likely that the injuries to the left lung evoked an increase of the contralateral PBF. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. It is … The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured at rest using (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT in 10 healthy male volunteers, randomly divided into two groups of five subjects. Lai CL, Chen HY, Tseng SY, Liao WC, Liu BT, Lee MC, Chen HS. | 2014 Apr 1;116(7):927-36. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00409.2013. Regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in prone pigs. 2016 Jan 15;120(2):216-25. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00256.2015. exercise; hypoxia; oxygen; vasodilation. Regional aeration and perfusion distribution in a sheep model of endotoxemic acute lung injury characterized by functional computed tomography imaging. 4). The lungs were removed at continuous airway pressures equal to an intrabronchial pressure of 7 cm H2O and preserved for microsphere and tissue analyses. Each subject was studied on two occasions, 1 week apart. Hopkins JT, Fredericks D, Guyon PW, Parker S, Gage M, Feland JB, Hunter I. Int J Sports Med. When multiplied, the severity of the feature and the extent of damage produced values between 0 and 15, which were averaged for each region. Centered on areas of increased PBF after injury, ROIspecific is associated with significantly increased PBF compared with the uninjured side. In our study, the regions of increased density within the right- and left-side injury groups varied but did not differ substantially. Crippa JA, Derenusson GN, Ferrari TB, Wichert-Ana L, Duran FL, Martin-Santos R, Simões MV, Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Atakan Z, Santos Filho A, Freitas-Ferrari MC, McGuire PK, Zuardi AW, Busatto GF, Hallak JE. Spinal Cord. Arch Gen Psychiatry. PubMed® comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. USA.gov. Lung density on the injured side within the ROIspecific was found to range from −100 to 12.95 Hounsfield Units in nonaerated areas. When oxygen delivery to the contracting muscles is altered by changes in arterial oxygen content, the magnitude of the vasodilator response to exercise changes. The results of our study suggest that early treatments administered via the blood stream have the potential to reach injured lung regions effectively. Med Sci Sports Exerc. The DAD score values were slightly increased for the middle and basal ROIs (see figure, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A963). AOSSM members have access to this journal as part of their membership. Epub 2013 Jul 3. Acute acid aspiration lung injury in the rat: Biphasic pathogenesis. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Ušaj A, Mekjavic IB, Kapus J, McDonnell AC, Jaki Mekjavic P, Debevec T. Front Physiol. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions, If you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in here, Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISES ON BLOOD FLOW KINETICS OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH A SUITABLE APPROACH. The induction of pulmonary leukocyte sequestration and the disruption of capillary–alveolar barrier function were shown to be responsible for the development of pulmonary edema in animal models of acid-induced ALI.7–10 In addition, polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration is initiated via diapedesis through the alveolar capillaries in response to inflammation.11 Although aspiration injury has been investigated extensively, its impact on spatial pulmonary blood flow (PBF) during the early phase of injury has not been carefully evaluated. See this image and copyright information in PMC. In the current study, we characterize the spatial PBF shortly after acid aspiration using radiolabeled microspheres and positron emission tomography (PET). USA.gov. Data regarding very early pathophysiological changes are highly desirable, as the clinician must react within minutes after an aspiration event.
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