[66] The first session of court hearing was organized in London and the second one at The Hague Peace Palace. During the 1988 massacre, the Iranian regime killed an estimated 30,000 political dissidents over the course of several months, following a fatwa from then-Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini which described the regime’s opponents as waging war on God himself. Exécutions de 1988 en Iran : un suspect arrêté en Suède. The 1988 executions are still a contentious issue in Iran. Exécutions de 1988 en Iran : un suspect arrêté en Suède. 23/09/2013. La marche à la guerre en Europe a été rythmée de façon constante par les initiatives allemandes. Les autorités iraniennes bafouent systématiquement l’interdiction absolue de la torture et des mauvais traitements en infligeant des pratiques cruelles aux familles de milliers de prisonniers, victimes de disparitions forcées ou d’exécutions extrajudiciaires dans les prisons iraniennes en 1988, a déclaré Amnesty International à l’occasion de la Journée internationale pour le soutien aux victimes de … Scores of Nobel laureates, ex heads of state and government, and former senior UN officials have demanded an international probe into the alleged killings of dissidents in Iran's prisons in 1988. The people that were executed were prisoner. As they are engaging in classical warfare in the western, the northern and the southern fronts, and His two special assistants were Hojatt al-Islam Hossein-Ali Nayyeri and Hojjat al-Islam Ali Mobasheri. [64] In particular the killings destroyed any ties, or possibility of ties, between populists in the Khomeini movement on the one hand, and non-Khomeiniist Islamist and secular leftists on the other. Human rights organizations estimate that between 4,500 and 5,000 men, women and children were killed in the summer of 1988 in prisons across Iran. [45] His trial is scheduled to begin in June 2021. "[34], A 2018 research by Amnesty International found that Ruhollah Khomeini had ordered the torture and execution of thousands of political prisoners through a secret fatwa. [35] Yet another estimates it in the 'thousands', with as many as 1500 killed at Gohar Dasht prison alone. He was responsible for thousands of executions, including those in 1988. International rights groups assert that back in 1988 Raisi took part in a panel involved in prisoner executions at the end of Iran's long war with Iraq. Amnesty International, after interviewing dozens of relatives, puts the number in thousands;[11] and then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini's deputy, Hussein-Ali Montazeri put the number between 2,800 and 3,800 in his memoirs,[12] but an alternative estimation suggests that the number exceeded 30,000. The victims were buried in secret mass graves. [67], State-sponsored mass executions of political prisoners in Iran. Iran cleric linked to 1988 mass executions to lead judiciary. This, however, does not account for the targeting of other leftist groups who did not take part in or support the Mujahedin invasion. [48], The regime published letters between the two Ayatollahs but "the selection dealt only with the Hashemi affair and scrupulously avoided the mass executions – thus observing the official line that these executions never took place. "After the investigation, leftist women began to receive five lashes every day -- one for each of the five daily prayers missed that day, half the punishment meted out to the men. Massacres de 1988 dans les prisons en Iran: appel à l'ONU pour enquêter . [23] Ebrahim Raisi went on to campaign for president of Iran in 2017 as a hard-line conservative where he was criticized for his role in the executions. Prisoners were told that authorities were asking them these questions because they planned to separate practicing Muslims from non-practicing ones. According to Amnesty International, there has been an ongoing campaign by the Islamic Republic to demonize victims, distort facts, and repress family survivors and human rights defenders. 1988: 40 millones. "1988 Massacre in Iran: Evidence of a Crime Against Humanity". On Thursday March 7, 2019, Iran's Suprem... 1 of 4. En Iran, des milliers de personnes ont été victimes de disparitions forcées et d’exécutions extrajudiciaires dans les prisons en 1988. On Thursday March 7, 2019, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei named Raisi as the country's new judiciary chief. Iran’s critics have long pointed to the crackdowns on protesters as evidence that the government believes it has impunity for domestic human rights violations, as a result of a lack of international action regarding the 1988 massacre. Then there’s the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran’s long war with Iraq. Some prisoners saved from execution by answering the questions properly returned to their cells and passed along what the commission was asking. En Iran, des milliers de personnes ont été victimes de disparitions forcées et d’exécutions extrajudiciaires dans les prisons en 1988. One prisoner constructed a homemade wireless set to listen to the radio news from the outside but found news broadcasters were saying nothing at all about the lockdown.[27]. [33] In 2009, the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center commissioned Geoffrey Robertson QC to write a legal opinion based on evidence and witness testimonies gathered by the center. Search for: Le massacre de 1988 en Iran. Motivations for why the victims were executed vary, but one of the most common theories advanced is that they were in retaliation for the 1988 attack on the western borders of Iran by the People's Mujahedin of Iran. More than 150 former United Nations officials and renowned international human rights and legal experts have written to UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet calling for an international Commission of Inquiry into the 1988 massacre of thousands of political prisoners in Iran. K. Homayun, 'The Slaughter at Gohar Dasht', Kar 62, (April 1992), quoted in Abrahamian. But the Assembly of Experts had insisted on naming Montazeri the future Supreme Leader. [46], One of the consequences of the killings was the resignation of Hussein-Ali Montazeri as the heir-designate to Ayatollah Khomeini as Supreme Leader of Iran. [19], Another description of the administration of the executions has it implemented by a "four-man commission, later known as the 'death committee'. In the 1988 massacre, more than 30,000 political prisoners, most of them members and supporters of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK), were executed by the Iranian regime. DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — (AP) — Iran named the hard-line cleric running its judiciary and six others Tuesday as approved candidates in its June 18 presidential election, barring prominent candidates allied with its current president amid tensions with the West over its tattered nuclear deal. en fa fr. "[49], On 9 August 2016, a website run by followers of Montazeri published an audio recording from a meeting he held on August 15, 1988 with the special judicial tribunal (Tehran Prosecutor Morteza Eshraghi, Judge Hossein-Ali Nayeri, Deputy Prosecutor General Ebrahim Raeesi and MOIS representative in Evin Mostafa Pourmohammadi). Raha Bahreini, an Iran researcher with Amnesty International, tweeted an image on Wednesday of an appeal to the Iranian authorities from August 16, 1988 to stop the executions. Copyright © 2021 Iran 1988 Massacre | Powered by Iran 1988 Massacre, UN experts echo call for international investigation into Iran’s 1988 massacre, Townhall: It’s Time For Democracies to take action over Iran's 1988 massacre, US State Department calls for international investigation into Iran’s 1988 massacre, Resolution in US House of Representatives seeks UN inquiry into 1988 Massacre, 30,000 political prisoners were massacred in Iran, The executions began based on a fatwa by Khomeini, ‘Death Commissions’ sent prisoners to their death, The victims were buried in secret mass graves, The perpetrators continue to enjoy impunity, Signatories Of Open Letter To UN - 3 May 2021, Civil Society Hearing into the 1988 Massacre in Iran. Iran's judiciary chief Ebrahim Raisi, a hard-line cleric linked to 1988 mass executions, registers to run for president After Iran's then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini accepted a U.N.-brokered cease-fire, members of the Iranian opposition group Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, heavily armed by Saddam Hussein, stormed across the Iranian border in a surprise attack. The commission shuttled back and forth between Evin and Gohar Dasht prisons by helicopter. Prison guards and workers were ordered not to speak to prisoners. ", "Will you go to the war front and walk through enemy, "Will you publicly recant historical materialism? According to Amnesty International, "thousands of political dissidents were systematically subjected to … While the international community is now taking small steps to hold Tehran accountable, the destruction of these graves could prevent anyone from being … Selon eux, l’Iran est confronté à une « crise d’impunité » qui va au-delà de l’absence de responsabilité pour les disparitions forcées et les exécutions extrajudiciaires de 1988. The United Nations must open an inquiry into the horrendous mass murder of political dissidents by Iran’s regime in 1988. "[22] Members were Hossein-Ali Nayyeri (who was then a judge), Morteza Eshraqi (then Tehran Prosecutor), Ebrahim Raisi (then Deputy Prosecutor General) and Mostafa Pourmohammadi (then the representative of the Intelligence Ministry in Evin Prison). Then there’s the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran’s long war with Iraq. Read the JVMI's report from a civil society hearing in Geneva in February 2018 into the 1988 massacre. A leftist prisoner "who had at one time attended a seminary quickly grasped the theological significance of the questions" and "spent the night of August 30 sending morse code messages to other cells" by knocking on the prison walls. The notes listing the PMOI's supporters' in prison so the prisoners had been guilty of aiding the attack. « J’apprends que l’Iran s’apprête à exécuter une grande star de la lutte, Navid Afkari, 27 ans, ... qui a atteint son apogée à l’été 1988 lorsque plus de 30.000 prisonniers politiques ont été exécutés en quelques mois. For example, the article defines the so called 1988 massacre of Iranian prisoners as a "systematic slaughter of thousands of political prisoners across Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran". [11] The Amnesty International report states: The political executions took place in many prisons in all parts of Iran, often far from where the armed incursion took place. A tribunal in London sheds light on how and why 5,000 political prisoners were executed one summer in Iran . AFP / le 13 novembre 2019 à 19h29 . If they replied monafeqin (hypocrites), the commission continued with such questions as: Almost all the prisoners answered "no" to at least one of the questions. Le temps est venu pour Khamenei et ses complices de faire face à la justice pour avoir commis des crimes contre l’humanité. Take Action. [14], Ayatollah Montazeri wrote to Ayatollah Khomeini saying "at least order to spare women who have children ... the execution of several thousand prisoners in a few days will not reflect positively and will not be mistake-free ... A large number of prisoners have been killed under torture by interrogators ... in some prisons of the Islamic Republic young girls are being raped ... As a result of unruly torture, many prisoners have become deaf or paralysed or afflicted with chronic decease. [22][23], Amnesty International identified and analysed evidence that linked several Iranian officials to participating in the massacre. Selon les mots d’Yves Durand, « La responsabilité du déclenchement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale incombe indubitablement à l’Allemagne hitlérienne [9]. As they are waging war on God, and The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) had the recording taken down the day after its release. A tribunal in London sheds light on how and why 5,000 political prisoners were executed one summer in Iran . Aucune enquête n’a jamais eu lieu bien que divers groupes de défense des droits de l’homme aient exigé des comptes au fil des ans. [13] Because of the large number, prisoners were loaded into forklift trucks in groups of six and hanged from cranes in half-hour intervals. It first asked their organisational affiliation; if they replied "Mojahedin", the questioning ended there. Mojahedin women were given equal treatment with Mojahedin men, almost all hanged as 'armed enemies of Allah'. The 1988 killings resembled the 'disappearances' of prisoners in 20th-century Latin America. Another eyewitness puts in between 5000 and 6000 – 1000 from the left and the rest from the Mojahedin. Since "hanging" did not mean death by breaking of the neck by drop through a trap door, but stringing up the victim by the neck to suffocate, some took fifteen minutes to die. Vous êtes ici: Home > CSDHI-Actualités > Exécutions > Le massacre de 1988 en Iran: Home > CSDHI-Actualités > Exécutions > Le massacre de 1988 en Iran These were then taken to another room and ordered to write their last will and testament and to discard any personal belongings such as rings, watches, and spectacles. Ali Akbar Mahdi believes the intense overcrowding of Iranian prisons and the July 1988 Mojahedin Operation Mersad offensive "had much to do" with the massacre. Then there’s the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran’s long war with Iraq. These had no warning of what was in store and many died. Three-member commissions known as a 'Death Commission' were formed across Iran sending political prisoners who refused to abandon their beliefs to execution. Par Le Figaro avec AFP. "[15], Great care was taken to keep the killings undercover, and the government of Iran currently denies their having taken place[citation needed]. Ebadi complained that aside from being improbable, this did not explain why the prisoners had not received a trial for the charge of giving support to the enemy. While the 1988 prison massacre constitute the largest-scale mass executions in Iran's recent history, it did not occur in vacuum and without precedent. Assad's paternal grandfather, Ali Sulayman al-Assad, had managed to change his status from peasant to minor notable and, to reflect this, in 1927 he had changed the family name from Wahsh (meaning "Savage") to Al-Assad. 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners.jpg 650 × 348; 68 KB. The 1988 executions of thousands of Iranian political prisoners were commemorated by representatives of the People's Mujahedin of Iran in France in 2019. Iran People’s Tribunal (Iran Tribunal), is a grassroots initiative inspired by the irresistible demands for justice by the so-called Mothers of Khavaran, mourning the loss of their children in the 1980s mass-executions. Many, if not most, of the prisoners were unaware of the true purpose of the questions, although later some were warned by the prison grapevine. "[54] In 2017 Ali Khamenei defended the executions, stating that those killed were "terrorists" and "hypocrites". [60], Human Rights Watch (HRW) described the executions as "deliberate and systematic ... extrajudicial killings," and condemned them as crimes against humanity. [40] According to Christina Lamb, writing in The Telegraph: "Secret documents smuggled out of Iran reveal that, because of the large numbers of necks to be broken, prisoners were loaded onto forklift trucks in groups of six and hanged from cranes in half-hourly intervals. Reporters sans frontières (RSF) salue la mise en détention provisoire par la justice suédoise d’un ancien procureur iranien soupçonné d’être impliqué dans des crimes contre l’humanité commis en Iran durant l'été 1988. Human rights experts call for UN inquiry into 1988 Iran executions; John Kerry to be quizzed under oath in the House about alleged revelations of Israeli secrets to Iran; Iran’s Supreme Leader directly intervenes in presidential election 1 of 4. Many of those killed during this time were subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment in the process. Le régime n’a jamais publié d’informations sur ce massacre. May 5, 2021. ", Association of Iranian Political Prisoners (in exile) has a home page in English, Swedish and Persian at, This page was last edited on 24 May 2021, at 01:42. [38], It is extremely difficult to get an accurate number since many killings were carried out in remote Kurdish and Baluchi cities. “It was a shocking discovery that showed government and judicial authorities as well as Iran’s ambassadors … Iran. Prior to the killings, Montazeri "had taken issue with the diehard cleric on a number of subjects – the trial of Mehdi Hashemi, the anti-hoarding campaign ..." When he heard of the killings Montazeri rushed off three public letters – two to Khomeini, one to the Special Commission – denouncing the executions "in no uncertain terms." The 1988 executions are still a contentious issue in Iran. Comments (0) Then there's the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran's long war with Iraq. [42], Another joint written statement by five NGOs with consultative status with the United Nations was circulated during the UN Human Rights Council in February 2018 urged "UN to launch fact-finding mission to investigate Iran's 1988 massacre in order to end impunity and prevent the same fate for detained protesters. In the summer of 1988, the Iranian regime summarily and extra-judicially executed tens of thousands of political prisoners held in jails across Iran. Places where prisoners gathered communally, such as lecture halls, workshops, infirmaries, were all closed down and inmates were confined to their cells. As they are collaborating with the Baathist Party of Iraq and spying for Saddam against our Muslim nation, and ", "Will you denounce your former beliefs before the cameras? "One survivor admits that he thought he was being processed to be released in time for the forthcoming peace celebrations. Some scholarly examinations of the massacre argue that the planning stages of the 1988 Massacre began months before the actual executions started. Since according to the commission's interpretation of Islamic law, women were not fully responsible for their actions, "disobedient women – including apostates – could be given discretionary punishments to mend their ways and obey male superiors. 2000: 65 millones. Then there’s the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran’s long war with Iraq. In an open letter published on May 3, some 152 former United Nations officials, human rights experts, and jurists urged UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet to establish a commission of inquiry into Iran’s 1988 extrajudicial executions of thousands of political prisoners. Iran : 25 ans après les exécutions carcérales de 1988, la justice n’a toujours pas été rendue. SHARE. Le régime iranien a une longue histoire d’exécutions secrètes. Home 1988 executions. American support for Ba'athist Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, in which it fought against post-revolutionary Iran, included several billion dollars' worth of economic aid, the sale of dual-use technology, non-U.S. origin weaponry, military intelligence, and special operations training. News analysis Newsbook. They were then blindfolded and taken to the gallows where they were hanged in batches of six. La Suède a placé mercredi en détention provisoire un Iranien soupçonné de crimes de guerre et de meurtres commis en Iran durant l’été 1988, a annoncé le parquet. Jun … AFP Paul Peachey. Masoud Ahmadi Moghaddasi was a one of judges of revolutionary court, that sentenced more than 2800 to 3800 political prisoners to execution in 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners. 1 min 1 Temps de lecture approximatif. Then there's the 1988 mass executions that came at the end of Iran's long war with Iraq. The prisoners were not executed without any proceedings, but were "tried" on charges totally unrelated to the charges that had landed them in prison. The chair of the commission was Ayatollah Morteza Eshraqi. AFP Paul Peachey. Inside the prison, cell blocks were isolated from each other and cleared of radios and televisions. ", "Will you sign an affidavit that you believe in Allah, the Prophet, the Holy Qur'an, and the Resurrection? 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners; 2009 Iranian election protests; Be Like Others, a documentary film about transsexuality in Iran; Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam; Defenders of Human Rights Center, Iran's leading Human Rights organization. The Compassionate, the Merciful,] "[13], On 30 August 2017, the United Nations Human Rights Council highlighted the 1988 massacre and distributed a written statement by three non-governmental organizations titled, "The 1988 Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran: Time for the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Guarantees of Non-Recurrence"[41] The statement points to the following: In 1988, the government of Iran massacred 30,000 political prisoners. en fa fr. [60], UN judge and human rights lawyer Geoffrey Robertson QC urged the UN Security Council to set up a special court, along the lines of the International Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to try the men involved "for one of the worst single human rights atrocities since the Second World War. It continued during the vast oppression of the 1980’s, and with the mass murder of political prisoners in the Summer of 1988. Women and the death penalty. Iran's 'biggest crime': Amnesty calls for UN inquiry into 1988 mass executions A 2013 rally in Paris marking the 25th anniversary of the 1988 massacre of Iranian political prisoners (AFP) By The executions took place based on a fatwa by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini. Iran : 25 ans après les exécutions carcérales de 1988, la justice n’a toujours pas été rendue. Iran, 1988 What happened? Massacre de 1988. [44], In November 2019, Sweden arrested Hamid Nouri, accused of being an assistant prosecutor during the massacres and playing a key role during the mass executions. Raisi, who read out the list of approved candidates on state TV on Monday, has been linked to mass executions in 1988 at the end of Iran's war with Iraq. [56][57], One complaint made against the mass killings was that almost all the prisoners executed had been arrested for relatively minor offenses, since those with serious charges had already been executed. SHARE. “We found the Urgent Action [appeal] of August 16, [1988] in the Amnesty archives,” she wrote. After the [Iran/Iraq] war ended, it continued with a string of assassinations (known as ‘Chain Murders’) targeting the regime’s detractors and opponents. The victims were buried in secret mass graves. The massacre of Iranian political prisoners in 1988 must now be investigated", "Iran still seeks to erase the '1988 prison massacre' from memories, 25 years on", "Blood-soaked secrets with Iran's 1998 Prison Massacres are ongoing crimes against humanity", "IRAN: VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1987 - 1990", "Khomeini fatwa 'led to killing of 30,000 in Iran, "Iran: Top government officials distorted the truth about 1988 prison massacres", "Ayatollah Khomeini's Decree Ordering the Execution of Prisoners 1988", "Nasrin Sotoudeh: Investigate Iranian Presidential Hopeful Ebrahim Raisi for 1988 Mass Executions", "An Interview with Scholar and Historian Ervand Abrahamian on the Islamic Republic's "Greatest Crime, "1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners", "The Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran, 1988", "NCRI – National Council of Resistance of Iran – Ex-Khamenei crony: 33,000 executed during 1988 massacre of political prisoners in Iran", "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and NGOs condemned human rights violations in Iran", "On the 29th anniversary of the 1988 mass extra-legal executions of political prisoners in the Islamic Republic of Iran", "Written statement by NGOs on Iran, during Human Rights Council", "Iran committing crimes against humanity by concealing fate of thousands of slaughtered political dissidents", "Sweden Jails Iranian Prosecutor Implicated In Mass Execution In Prisons", "Suspect in Iran 1988 mass executions to be tried in Sweden in June", "audio.rferl.org/FRD/2016/08/09/f2720a29-b951-4fc6-855a-c18cd25baef0.mp3", "Iran's Intelligence Ministry Tries to Hide Evidence of Massacre of Thousands of Political Prisoners in 1988", "Audio file revives calls for inquiry into massacre of Iran political prisoners", "پورمحمدی درباره اعدامهای ۶۷: افتخار میکنیم حکم خدا را اجرا کردیم", "Khamenei defends Iran's 1980s political executions that killed thousands", Twenty Years of Silence: The 1988 Massacre and the Quest for Accountability, Final Report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, "With Revolutionary Rage and Rancor: A Preliminary Report on the 1988 Massacre of Iran's Political Prisoners", The Secret Fatwa: The untold story of the 1988 massacre in Iran, Marked for death Some of Assassinations 1979–96, The 16th Anniversary of the Massacre of Political Prisoners in Iran, Photo Gallery: Court Hearing in The Hague for 1980s Massacre in Persia, Ex-Khamenei advisor confirms 33,000 executed during 1988 massacre of political prisoners in Iran, May 2014), http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2016/08/160828_l26_pormohammadi_iran_executions_67_mojahedin_mko, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_executions_of_Iranian_political_prisoners&oldid=1024777051, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Are you willing to denounce former colleagues?
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