[5], As there does not exist proper evidence for the naming of the Lindy Hop, there exists evidence for inventing the Lindy Hop in the dance marathon in which Snowden and Purnell participated and devised the basic principle of the Lindy Hop. Just as jazz music emerged as a dominant art form that could absorb and integrate other forms of music, Lindy Hop could absorb and integrate other forms of dance. It was danced first in the famous Savoy Ballroom by African American dancers in 1928, and was danced throughout the 1930s and 1940s. In Brenda Farnell (ed. In January 1984, the Jiving Lindy Hoppers started teaching Lindy Hop in London. ", This page was last edited on 12 April 2021, at 11:54. Why was 1998 important? The coinage was based on the erroneous idea that black dancers on the East Coast danced in a slow, "groovy" manner with much improvisation not fitting within the typical patterns. For the dive, see. It evolved as a fusion of a number of dances that were popular at the time including Charleston, breakaway, and tap. These ballrooms continued a national tradition of sponsoring contests where dancers invented, tested and displayed new steps for prizes. It’s uncertain exactly how the Lindy Hop originated, but it does seem to have been influenced by the Charleston and even the Turkey Trot. White dancers in Hollywood films played pivotal roles in popularizing Lindy Hop. It is frequently described as a jazz dance and is a member of the swing dance family. Hollywood is the style reconstructed by Erik Robison and Sylvia Skylar based on movies from 1930s and 1940s featuring dancers like Dean Collins, Jewel McGowan, Jean Veloz and others. They called their dance “the Lindy”. They invited Al Minns to Stockholm, where he held a dance workshop in 1984 for the newly created Swedish Swing Society. [1] In 1935, 15,000 people danced on Bradhurst Avenue for the second of a dance series held by the Parks Department. Frankie Manning joined the Center in 1985. George Snowden and his partner Mattie Purnell won "all the prizes for fancy stepping and other competitions"[27] on June 20, 1928, during the third evening of competition. With an unusually high preponderance of skilled social dancers there was an infinite variety of interpretations. Californian dancers Erin Stevens and Steven Mitchell flew to New York City to take classes with him in 1983 and 1984. ", Szwed, John F., and Morton Marks. by Julie Malnig (2009: University of Illinois Press), page 138. [23], Arthur Murray's 1954 edition of How to Become a Good Dancer included four pages of instruction for swing, covering the basic Lindy step, the double Lindy Hop, the triple Lindy Hop, the sugar foot walk, and the tuck-in turn. George Snowden's absence from the ballroom with these performances gave a new generation of dancers the opportunity to shine, Frankie Manning among them. Film such as Swing Kids (1993) and Swingers (1996) capitalized on the popularity of neo-swing, with the former discussing youth resistance to the Nazi party in Germany through jazz and Lindy Hop, and the latter becoming a cult-hit story of love and misadventure in Los Angeles. The basic steps in the Texas Tommy were followed by a breakaway identical to that found in the Lindy. The dance was reported to be Broadway's tribute to Lindbergh, and it included six basic steps.[13]. [10][11] The Memphis Jug Band on September 13, 1928 recorded "Lindberg Hop- Overseas stomp," written by Jab Jones and Will Shade. It was also considered vulgar and sexual by the older generation. Since I started at Sun in June of '99 I only recalled that Swing was used as the code name and it stuck. In this course we explore variations, stylings and dynamics that will take your swing out from good to unbelievable. In this step's open position, each dancer is generally connected hand-to-hand; in its closed position, leads and follows are connected as though in an embrace on one side and holding hands on the other. "The Afro-American Transformation of European Set Dances and Dance Suites. Upper and middle class white audiences were exposed to Harlem's working class entertainment, at first through white audiences attending black venues and shows in Harlem, but later through traveling shows, popular music, and cinema. A survey (page 3) danced with more energy than many of us so-called youngsters. How well do you understand the concept of mixing together 6-count and 8-count moves in Lindy Hop? Al Minns and Pepsi Bethel, Leon James, and Norma Miller are also featured prominently in contemporary histories of Lindy Hop. There’s been Lindy Hop in Toronto since the mid-90s, but it was in 1998 that the Lindy Hop-specific dance scene really took off. [26], According to the book Social Dance (copyrighted in 1969), by 1960 the Lindy Hop was known as "swing". Through Mama Lou Parks, they met Alfred "Pepsi" Bethel and trained with him for two weeks in New York City followed by another week in London. According to Ethel Williams, the Lindy Hop was similar to the dance known as the Texas Tommy in New York in 1913. Many swing dancers who came to Lindy Hop in the 1990s cite these films, advertisements and bands as key factors inspiring them to take up lindy hop. [24] A chapter is devoted to Lindy Hop in the 1953 and 1958 editions of Dancing Made Easy. Then Harlem nights became show nights for the Nordics. So I asked Jeff Dinkins, one of the original Swing engineers and former manager of the Swing team. Afterwards, they decided to form the British dance company The Lindy Hop Jivers, later renamed to the Jiving Lindy Hoppers.[17][18]. The way America fails and succeeds in preserving and developing this many-faceted tradition provides a valuable insight into the social well-being of the nation. Erin Stevens and Steven Mitchell helped spread Lindy Hop to California and other locations within the US. Please read our blog post, Understanding Music Structure for Lindy Hop. After Parks contacted Wolfgang Steuer of the World Rock 'N' Roll Federation in Germany about sponsoring the winners of her Harvest Moon Ball at their international swing dance competition, she started to become more well known in Europe and caught the attention of the British TV company London Weekend Television. Although the Lindy Hop and its variants were becoming increasingly popular with the public, elite dancing schools looked down upon it. White patronage in the area brought much-needed income to the bars, clubs, and theaters of Harlem, as well as work for black artists in a city increasingly belabored by economic depression. There are many tricks to learn. It had been around a long time and some people began to call it the Lindbergh Hop after 1927, although it didn't last. The foot work is described as "dum-de-dum, dum-de-dum, dum-de-dum". This page was last edited on 23 May 2021, at 17:36. Dean Collins' dancing in particular not only spread the form across the United States but also provided less 'risque' versions for more conservative American palates. These dancers specialized in so-called floor steps, but they also experimented with early versions of air steps in the Lindy Hop.[16][17][18]. Guest Author . Since the beginning of jazz dance, acrobatics were an essential part of vernacular dance, commonly known as flash dancers who toured with bands across United States during the first part of the 20th century. Loving Lindy Hop. And there was no specific "Savoy style" of Lindy Hopping.[32]. He was very popular due to his nonstop flight to reach Paris from New York in that year. If you are staring from zero or need to brush up on your basic swing out, you will want to study the Intro to Swing Course first. "Improvisation in African-American Vernacular Dancing. Why is Swing Called Swing? Obviously, the Harlem dance is the only one of the Lindy Hop dances which survived in the long run. The most useful point to be made about this variation within a single community of dancers in one historical moment, is that vernacular African American dance, and Lindy Hop in particular, prioritised individual style and creative improvisation and musical interpretation within a particular dance style. Lindy Hop was revived in the 1980s by dancers in New York City, California, Stockholm, and the United Kingdom. (Al Minns died on 24 April 1985.) A true jitterbug should be able to perform effortlessly any of the swing dance steps lightly reviewed below. After the first few classes, Ryan Francois joined the classes and later that year became a member of the Jiving Lindy Hoppers. [3], During the contest "as he remembers it - Snowden decided to do a breakaway, that is, fling his partner out and improvise a few solo steps of his own. Hence, the popular dance of the roaring twenties was named after Lindbergh. [6][7][8] After Lindbergh's solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris in 1927 he became incredibly popular[9] and many people named songs, recipes and businesses among several other things, after him. [26] When Al Minns died in 1985, they learned about Frankie Manning through Bob Crease, a board member of the New York Swing Dance Society. Head bouncer at the Savoy Herbert "Whitey" White (an African American man nicknamed for a white streak in his hair) managed a team of local dancers that included George Snowden. Young folks of those days would go out and swing out all night long in crowded ballrooms. The dance - in order to be made simpler and easy to sell - was mainly taught as a six-count form based on East Coast Swing. George Snowden, one of the dancers, was asked what he was dancing. It is more accurate to say that his first air step in the Lindy Hop likely helped to develop the spectacular air step routines which Manning's generation of Savoy Lindy Hoppers, the second generation, perfected.[11]. The transition from Charleston to Lindy Hop was facilitated by the Breakaway, a partner dance which introduced the 'Swing out' and 'open position' of dances such as the Texas Tommy to the 'closed position' and footwork of partnered Charleston. However, by the time dances such as the Lindy Hop reached mainstream white audiences, they had often been reworked by white teachers and film studios to accord with the aesthetics and social values of white mainstream America. [11], Savoy Lindy Hopper Frankie Manning has claimed that he devised the first air step in the Lindy Hop. And “the Lindy” was already a game changer back then: It brought black … Between 147th and 148th street, Harlem "threw itself into the Lindy hop with abandon" as Sugar Hill residents watched from the bluffs along Edgecombe Avenue. ( 'Lindy Hop' also described in reports as the 'Lindbergh Glide'). One source credits Al Minns and Pepsi Bethel as among those who refined the air step. A popular variation of Hollywood-Style Lindy Hop called LA-style Lindy Hop has a few technical changes in the footwork and fewer steps. ", Jackson, Jonathan David. What type of dance is Lindy Hop? “I speak Swedish because I got really into this bizarre dance called the Lindy Hop. Although the tax was later reduced to 20 percent, "No Dancing Allowed" signs went up all over the country. It is believed that the “Lindy Hop” received its name during a dance marathon in June 1928 at the Rockland Palace in Harlem. Snowden, "without stopping, replied 'The Lindy'". The steps are shortened or "cheated" to create this look. John Cage Mama Lou Parks Frankie Manning Question 4 10 / 10 pts Why was it called "Lindy Hop"? The couple decided to marry while still dancing in the marathon[29] and their wedding was recorded by FOX Movietone News in "MVTN C 4980: Couple Dance on Way to Get Marriage License". The neo-swing era, with all its problems, had one important contribution to Lindy Hop - popularizing the dance revivalists were researching and learning, and bringing it once again to the general public and creating a popular basis that has been a firm foundation for the continuation of the art form into the 21st century.
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