The Savoy Ballroom was Lindy Hop’s most famous home. It all started at the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem, 1926. As dancers, do we profit from Lindy Hop without permission from African-Americans? The California Routine is a classic Lindy Hop choreography created in the 1930s, and it is danced by swing dancers all over the world today. . George Snowden, who was born on July 4th in 1904 and died in 1982, created with his partner Mattie Purnell one of the most influential dance forms, ’The Lindy Hop’, in a dance marathon at Manhattan Casino, Harlem, New York exactly 84 years ago. If not, you can buy it easily from regular bookstores. OUTSIDE Right / Front Panel: "The Savoy" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. Lindy Hop is a dance typically performed by two partners, and it is also known as Lindy. The Dance itself consists of both 8 and 6 count steps and it includes footwork borrowed from the Charleston and Tap. It is called ‘Walk That Broad.’ The number is led by George Snowden and Mattie Purnell, who participated in the recent dance Marathon. OUTSIDE Left / Back Panel: "Dancing in the shadow" Photographed by Ardian Lumi. In essence those wonderful men and women who created this dance did so in the Jazz Age. A History of Lindy Hop The Roots. In that way your body with have the same confines and limitations and even feel of fabric on the skin as the dancers in the respective eras did. Lindy Hop emerged as a defiant, joyous response to financial hardship caused by the Great Depression, harsh living conditions, and systemic racism. 1935 - 1945. Manning, who was born on May 26, 1914 and died on April 27, 2009, is considered one of the founding fathers of the Lindy Hop, and the most celebrated Lindy Hopper of all time. The Lindy Hop evolved in Harlem in the 1920s and 30s, and is evocative of the jazz music of the time. QUOTES: Kepler Std Bold Italic Display 18pts, QUOTES - Name of Author: Univers 47 Condensed Light 14pts, TITLES / SUBTITLES: Univers 47 Condensed Light 18pts, TITLE (eg "Roots" "The Savoy" "1980s to Today"...): Univers-Black-Normal 12pts, MAIN PARAGRAPH FONT: Univers-Light-Normal 8pts, MAIN PARAGRAPH FONT - BOLD: Univers-Black-Normal 8pts, LIGHT TEAL: #2a646f with 50% transparency. . . When it comes to differences in The Lindy Hop between the East Coast and West Coast of The U.S., you should notice that there was Dean Collins in Los Angeles, who came from New Jersey and claimed to have frequented Harlem’s Savoy Ballroom before he left New Jersey/New York and moved to LA in 1936. George Snowden, who was born on July 4th in 1904 and died in 1982, created with his partner Mattie Purnell one of the most influential dance forms, ’The Lindy Hop’, in a dance marathon at Manhattan Casino, Harlem, New York exactly 84 years ago. Although, I doubt 99% of the people of the dance floor would care. I’m doing research on dancers similar to that of Snowden. Crazy Legs. A well-known myth states that “Shorty” George Snowden named the dance after seeing a headline about Charles Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight that said “Lindy Hops the Atlantic,” but as the “hop” was already a term used to describe the dance, this is unlikely to be true. Despite the importance of Snowden and Purnell’s invention and its consequences, the most of Lindy Hop historians have concentrated on the naming of the Lindy Hop and not to how the Lindy Hop was really created, and what it has achieved. I know that Snowden lived in Queens, but I do not know how he ended up in Far Rockaway. I need outfits that are good for dancing but also showcase my love of Vintage and Reproduction of the late 1930s and 1940s. While dancers of color remain important contributors to the dance, the international scene now looks a lot whiter and more affluent than where it began. “Savoy: Reassessing the Role of the ‘World’s Finest Ballroom in Music and Culture’, 1926-1958,” Alexandre Abdoulaev's PhD dissertation (2014), "Swing dance in the 90’s and early 2000’s" a blog post by Daniel Newsome, "The Swingin' Lindy: Origins of A Legacy" an essay by Brenda Dixon-Gottschild for the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, "Swing" : an essay on lindy hop history, structure and style by Carrie Stern (2012). INSIDE Right Panel - Bottom: "Amusements - Dance - Savoy dancers" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. He was the one who taught many of dancers in LA how to dance The Lindy. You can be a historian, a social scientist etc. Google Celebrates the Savoy Ballroom with a Swingin’ Rhythm Game! He then brought the “Savoy” style of Lindy Hop to Los Angeles, California. It all started at the Savoy… In the late 1920’s in Harlem great new styles of dancing were breaking out wherever people were partying… But it wasn’t until after the opening of the Savoy Ballroom in 1926 that the exciting new dance got its home and ultimately its name. Meanwhile, black social dancers continue with Hip Hop, House dance, line dance, and other forms of social dance. The Texas Tommy, Its History, Controversies, and Influence on American Vernacular Dance, “Savoy: Reassessing the Role of the ‘World’s Finest Ballroom in Music and Culture’, 1926-1958,”, "Swing dance in the 90’s and early 2000’s", "The Swingin' Lindy: Origins of A Legacy". The most know version in the today’s Lindy Hop World is the version which Frankie created somewhere in the very end of 1980s. We’ve even included a blank section in the back where you can include the name of your organization, web address, logo, and anything else you want to put there. Some say that it spread like wildfire and some disagree with that by claiming that there were regional variants around the U.S., when swing music really started to spread. This was the official mass media point of view. There exist many stories of how Snowden and Purnell created the Lindy at the Manhattan Casino dance marathon between June 17th and July 4th, 1928, when the marathon was going on. Lindy Hop is now a flourishing community with tens of thousands of dancers worldwide — throughout the US and in countries like South Korea, Lithuania, and South Africa. Do you happen to have any knowledge on how he died, and how he ended up in Far Rockaway at the time of his death? Stearns explains in his work Jazz Dance on the basis of the interview that the invention happened, when Snowden flinged his partner out and improvised a few solo steps of his own. Indeed, I also researched this issue for some time. Luckily there have been new initiatives and events in Harlem and elsewhere, where also other Lindy Hop Elders have been honored and remembered. Academia de Baile. The dance movements of Lindy hop were inspired from the Charleston, breakaway, tap and jazz. The Lindy Hop also involved a redefinition of gender relations that struck at the core of prevailing derogatory and demeaning racial characterizations of African Americans. A group of dancers see Lindy Hop on film, find the folks — including Frankie Manning and Al Minns— who pioneered it, and invited them to show the new generation how it’s done. That started a process in which their invention became bigger than it initially suggested. And in the early '30s, Americans were delighted to have the name "Lindy" or "Lindy Hop" for their beloved dance craze. 1930s - The Savoy Ballroom: The Savoy Ballroom is where up and coming dancers, like Frankie Manning, Al Minns, and Norma Miller would dance to live swing bands with leaders like Chick Webb and Count Basie. Why that has not really happened by so-called ‘Swing dancers’, it is a mystery to me. The Shim Sham is a popular line dance usually performed to “Tain’t What You Do” by Jimmy Lunceford. Anyway Snowden and Purnell’s invention, which was known as ’Lindy Hop’ at the latest from September 12th, 1928, gained much popularity during next years, even so that according to Carl Van Vechten in 1929: ”It was possible to observe an entire ball-room filled with couples devoting themselves to its celebration” obviously referring to the famous Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. It might be more accurate, however, to say that he rediscovered it, for the breakaway is a time-honored method of eliminating the European custom of dancing in couples, and returning to solo dancing- the universal way of dancing…”. A few clips are found online, others on the DVD set, and some can only be seen by visiting the US Library of Congress. Hello! There exist many articles in newspapers from the time of the marathon stating that Snowden and Purnell danced ’Lindbergh Hop’. The dance form is based on a traditional lead- and follow structure, but opens up for an endless amount of improvisations and individual interpretations. George ‘Shorty’ Snowden and Beatrice ‘Big Bea’ Gay: Thank you for your reply! George Snowden’s part in creating of The Lindy Hop is documented in Jean and Marshall Stearns’ Jazz Dance. A uniquely American dance, Lindy Hop brought together the African traditions of social and circle dance and European partnered ballroom dancing. Al Minns, Pepsi Bethel, Frankie Manning and Norma Miller came out of retirement and toured the world teaching Lindy Hop, later to be joined by dancers such as George and Sugar Sullivan. At the time, the largest and most popular club was the Savoy Ballroom. So what we see nowadays in the “Swing Dance” events is not mainly up to the picture of the past as far as to dress for dancing is concerned, but who cares, but you and me, Peter Loggins, Elders, and a few others. The text has been translated into other languages for use by other scenes: French, by Anne Dagenais Guertin and Gilles Cherix. “The Lindy”: Margaret Batiuchok’s masters research project on lindy hop (1988). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Crazy Legs. Not to mention the European influence. Dean Collins was a well-known white dancer who studied the Lindy Hop in New York during the 1930’s. This dance was inspired and originated in Harlem, then spread down the east coast. History. Lindy Hop, also known as the jitterbug, was developed in the 1920’s and is said to be the original form of swing dance. Lindy Hop was danced predominantly by Black dancers starting in the 1920s. People often categorize Lindy Hop as a part of a swing dance style. I’m not sure they should. The first dances named as Lindy Hop were born around the time the aviator Charles Lindbergh made his groundbreaking flight across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927. The Lindy Hop was revolutionary at the time: The Lindy Hop included the breakaway feature which allowed a couple’s both partners’ improvisation. 1940s and onward - Mainstream success and offshoots: While WWII took famous Lindy Hoppers and musicians to war, white dancers like Arthur Murray developed simplified versions, like the Jive and what we know as East Coast Swing. Although I don’t agree with all what is documented in Jazz Dance as to creating of The Lindy Hop, anyway you can get a picture of that. Mid-1920s - Lindy Hop and the “naming” of the dance: By the mid 1920s, the dance needed a name. The Swing Out. Chester Whitmore and Usher on the History of Black Music... and Cognac. With its rhythmical movements, Lindy Hop connected people and created communities even through the rough times of segregation. Facts … Is it enough that they experience the joy of dance? As Marshall Stearns put it in his ’Jazz Dance’ study: ”Snowden’s mild conviction that he invented the breakaway and then the essence of the Lindy is probably true for his time and place. That was exceptional compared to the other ballroom dance forms. Yehoodi has produced a printable brochure on the history of lindy hop that anyone can use for their dances, studios, and venues. Lindy Hop was revived in the 1980s by dancers in New York City, California, Stockholm, and the United Kingdom. Some of the Lindy Hop steps are synchronized with the musical phrases, and other steps cross the rhythm of the music in the same fashion as polyrhythms found in jazz. If you are doing serious research, that means, you are connected to a University or a College, I would like to speak with you. Regardless of whether or not he was the first to give the name “Lindy Hop” to the dance, Shorty George IS … In effect, it was a major reordering of almost the entire African American social dance experience. Thank you for your interest anyway! Archives of Early Lindy Hop. It spread from the ballrooms of Harlem, New York, across the United States and to the rest of the world. It is by no means exhaustive, but it at the very a least a good starting point for anyone seeking to dive into the roots of this fantastic dance. . Most of the dances originated from African American communities, but some like the Balboa came from other communities. I’m looking for researchers who are interested in researching jazz dance which the Lindy Hop also belongs to. This clever pair were forced to respond to many encores for ‘Walk That Broad’ and for their ‘Lindbergh Hop’ and only stopped when completely exhausted.” That refers to the fact that ”Lindy Hop” was not named then, and possibly Snowden and Purnell called their invention as ’Walk That Broad’ in the show, or they called their invention as ‘Lindbergh Hop’ and ‘Walk That Broad’ was something else. The origin of most of the stories is unknown. The Lindy Hop remains the most famous of the swing dances today. Did you know there was an organization preserving the culture – the Harlem Swing Dance Society? When the United States prepares to celebrate its independence day on July 4th, some of its most important cultural characters in the field of dance stay mostly unknown and uncelebrated. The jitterbug is danced to syncopated rhythms in 4/4 time commonly found in jazz and swing music. Even if Snowden explained to Stearns that he created and named the Lindy in the dance marathon, there has not, however, been any evidence of the naming of the Lindy Hop until from September 12th, 1928 when the Lindy Hop was mentioned for the first time in the New York Amsterdam News article ’Dance Revue Contest at Lincoln’ in the form ‘lindy hop’. There are four different rhythms used in all swing dance including single, single delayed, double and triple rhythms. There are questions regarding whether Lindy Hop has been appropriated from the African-Americans who first created the dance. Things may be tough and we sure miss dancing with all of you but during this time we can still bring some light to our hearts through dance! The Whitey’s Lindy Hoppers were a professional Savoy Ballroom dance group that had performed the lindy hop. The most famous Lindy Hop dance, which is not connected to the other Lindy Hop dances, was born in the Harlem dance marathon in 1928 where George Snowden and Mattie Purnell reinvented the breakaway pattern by accident. Its origin story goes something like this: a dancer named “Shorty George” Snowden and his partner, Mattie Purnell, won a 1928 dance marathon contest at The Manhattan Casino in New York City. They mostly only celebrate Frankie Manning, and Norma Miller to some extent, too, but Snowden and Purnell, and many others seem to be forgotten. The late Terry Monaghan also discussed some of his findings in this discussion thread: http://www.yehoodi.com/comment/79178/anyone-track-down-the-lindy-hop-newspaper-cover/. Other Related Swing Dance Genres. To suggested other resources, please contact us here. Meanwhile, black musicians moved jazz to bebop, and the dance evolved with it. This could at last be the beginning of the annual celebration of the Lindy Hop and its creators: George Snowden and Mattie Purnell without forgetting Frankie Manning whose earlier dance career with his dance inventions during the Swing Era and the renewed career as a professional Lindy Hopper, and a dance teacher between the end of the 1980s and 2009 remarkably helped to get new enthusiasism for the Lindy Hop and African-American Jazz dancing. Pingback: Reasons for Celebrating George ‘Shorty’ Snowden’s Birthday on July 4 | authenticjazzdance, Pingback: Swing en Chile. The jitterbug originated in the United States and spread throughout the country and into Europe during World War II, becoming a popular social dance in the 1930s and '40s. After that ’Lindy Hop’ became established as a term in newspapers articles. There are good reasons to claim that Snowden and Purnell’s invention was probably the most important innovation ever made in the field of the 20th century dancing. As Terry Monaghan and Karen Hubbard write in their article: ”The Lindy Hop was the first noteworthy African American dance to be created in the North as opposed to being brought from the South as part of the turn-of-the-century Great Migration. I tend to prefer more the wildfire theory as it seems that The Lindy Hop really spread in the 1930s by different Savoy Lindy Hoppers: Mostly by Herbert ‘Whitey’ White’s dancers which usually are known as Whitey’s Lindy Hoppers, and by George Snowden’s dancers. Academia de Baile, El Lindy Hop y las Competencias. However, George Snowden and Mattie Purnell have not been celebrated for their remarkable invention as the originators of the Lindy Hop. Lindy Hop is a living representation of how the mixture of cultural diversity in the United States resulted in the most unique and unpredictable combinations in dance and music. Lindy Hop is known for its versatile movements that originate from a wide range of different dances of the past. As the big Lindy Hop weekend in NYC (and around the world) “Frankie 100” in honour of Frankie Manning quickly approaches (May 22nd it starts), I’m looking at my wardrobe and trying to decide what I will be bringing for each of the nights of dancing (there are 5 nights). After Ganaway there were also others who started to claim the same, but by then the Lindy Hop had already gained mass popularity in the New York area and in the U.S., and also in the other countries. Although going to classes is great, once you have a beginner course under your belt we highly encourage you to come out social dancing as well. Lindy Hop is a partnered swing dance that evolved from the Charleston in the late 1920s and flourished in the Swing Era of the 1930s and 40s. This page is an attempt to share information and resources on the history of this artform. Originally, _____ was a term used to describe a sudden muscle contraction executed with the triceps, forearms, neck, chest, and legs. The history of Lindy Hop is incredibly complex, nuanced, and not without controversy. false Social dances, such as the Lindy Hop and the Jitterbug, were almost always created by trained dancers. It just takes time as we have seen. Thanks for messaging me the link. This is especially interesting because there is an article (”Scuffle Along” Scoring Big Hit) in the New York Amsterdam News on August 8th, 1928, where it is mentioned: ”One dance number in the show deserves special mention. “Shorty George” by Harlem Renaissance painter Norman Lewis.
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