The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 as Christmas. [93] He is a tireless wonder worker, the servant of both God and man. The largest groups inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman conquest were the Iberians and the Celts. Europe on Track", "Spain has developed Europe's largest high-speed rail network | Olive Press Newspaper", "La Moncloa. [478][479] These devotions and feasts exist in both Eastern and Western Christianity. Other festivals include: La Tomatina tomato festival in Buñol, Valencia, the carnivals in the Canary Islands, the Falles in Valencia or the Holy Week in Andalusia and Castile and León. [405], Jesus chose twelve disciples (the "Twelve"),[406] evidently as an apocalyptic message. These are mostly British, French, German, Dutch, and Norwegian. Above Jesus' head on the cross is Pilate's inscription, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews." The fact that Jesus existed, that he was crucified under Pontius Pilate (for whatever reason) and that he had a band of followers who continued to support his cause, seems to be part of the bedrock of historical tradition. In the 11th century, the Muslim holdings fractured into rival Taifa states (Arab, Berber, and Slav),[42] allowing the small Christian states the opportunity to greatly enlarge their territories. [40] Outside the cities, where the vast majority lived, the land ownership system from Roman times remained largely intact as Muslim leaders rarely dispossessed landowners and the introduction of new crops and techniques led to an expansion of agriculture introducing new produces which originally came from Asia or the former territories of the Roman Empire.[41]. [175] In the Gospel of Luke, the Holy Spirit descends as a dove after everyone has been baptized and Jesus is praying,[176] John implicitly recognizes Jesus from prison after sending his followers to ask about him. [55][56], The English name Jesus is derived from the Latin Iesus, itself a transliteration of the Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs). [398] They agree that Jesus debated with Jewish authorities on the subject of God, performed some healings, taught in parables and gathered followers. In 2017, Spain was the second most visited country in the world, recording 82 million tourists which marked the fifth consecutive year of record-beating numbers. "John" pp. Likewise, the proposal that Jesus was a Zealot does not fit with the earliest strata of the Synoptic tradition. In the spirit of general "Realism", Realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of romanticised or stylised presentations. In the 1830s and 1840s, Carlism (a reactionary legitimist movement supportive of the branch issued from Carlos María Isidro of Bourbon, younger brother of Ferdinand VII), fought against the cristinos or isabelinos (supportive of Queen Isabella II, daughter of Ferdinand VII) in the Carlist Wars. The Last Supper is mentioned in all four canonical gospels; Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians[262] also refers to it. Matthew traces Jesus' ancestry to Abraham through David. [93] The Gospel of Matthew emphasizes that Jesus is the fulfillment of God's will as revealed in the Old Testament, and the Lord of the Church. On 17 January 1966, a fatal collision occurred between a B-52G and a KC-135 Stratotanker over Palomares. [108] As prime minister, he continued to implement austerity measures required by the EU Stability and Growth Pact. Scholars use a number of criteria, such as the criterion of independent attestation, the criterion of coherence, and the criterion of discontinuity to judge the historicity of events. "[208] Other ethical teachings of Jesus include loving your enemies, refraining from hatred and lust, turning the other cheek, and forgiving people who have sinned against you. [217] Some of his parables, such as the Prodigal Son,[218] are relatively simple, while others, such as the Growing Seed,[219] are sophisticated, profound and abstruse. King Juan Carlos took personal command of the military and successfully ordered the coup plotters, via national television, to surrender.[99]. She's the supporting character in the franchise, but is the tritagonist in Sonic Advance 2 and the deuteragonist of Blaze's story and a major character of Sonic's story in Sonic Rush.Cream has a companion, a bowtie-wearing Chao named Cheese. Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use. [509] According to most classic Sunni and Twelver Shi'ite interpretations of these verses, the likeness of Jesus was cast upon a substitute (most often one of the apostles), who was crucified in Jesus' stead. An influential style centred in Barcelona, known as modernisme, produced a number of important architects, of which Gaudí is one. The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as Spania, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-Phoenician one. [419] The Sadducean high-priestly leaders of the Temple more plausibly had Jesus executed for political reasons than for his teaching. The other official languages of Spain, co-official with Spanish are: As a percentage of the general population of all Spain, Spanish is natively spoken by 74%, Catalan by 17%, Galician by 7% and Basque by 2% of all Spaniards. In 1879, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is founded. Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians. In the 20th century the most important Spanish sculptors were Julio González, Pablo Gargallo, Eduardo Chillida, and Pablo Serrano. The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.23/10, ranking it 130th globally out of 172 countries.[124]. [81][82] Acts 1:1-11[83] says more about the Ascension of Jesus[84] than the canonical gospels do. 1977. [331][424], Jesus is seen as the founder of, in the words of Sanders, a '"renewal movement within Judaism." His main works were the upper stalls of the choir of the Cathedral of Toledo, the tomb of Cardinal Tavera in the same Cathedral, and the altarpiece of the Visitation in the church of Santa Úrsula in the same locality. The centre-right government of former prime minister José María Aznar worked successfully to gain admission to the group of countries launching the euro in 1999. The immigrants originate mainly in Latin America (39%), North Africa (16%), Eastern Europe (15%), and Sub-Saharan Africa (4%). Matthew focuses on an event after the Luke Nativity where Jesus was an infant. With the approval of the new Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the restoration of democracy, the State devolved much authority to the regions and created an internal organisation based on autonomous communities. For other uses, see, Proclamation as Christ and Transfiguration, Agony in the Garden, betrayal, and arrest, Trials by the Sanhedrin, Herod, and Pilate. Jesus teaches in long, involved discourses. [194] Jesus rides a young donkey into Jerusalem, reflecting the tale of the Messiah's Donkey, an oracle from the Book of Zechariah in which the Jews' humble king enters Jerusalem this way. [355] Recent archaeological work, for example, indicates that Capernaum, a city important in Jesus' ministry, was poor and small, without even a forum or an agora. Extending to 1,214 km (754 mi), the Portugal–Spain border is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union.[119]. [401] Jesus put love at the center of the Law, and following that Law was an apocalyptic necessity. These gave a resounding victory to the Republican-Socialist candidacies in large cities and provincial capitals, with a majority of monarchist councilors in rural areas. a supreme court, under the supreme court of Spain, which heads the judiciary in the autonomous community. Paul the Apostle and other early Christians interpreted the "Son of Man" as the risen Jesus. [p][341][350] Josephus scholar Louis Feldman has stated that "few have doubted the genuineness" of Josephus' reference to Jesus in book 20 of the Antiquities of the Jews, and it is disputed only by a small number of scholars. Scholars generally consider Tacitus' reference to the execution of Jesus to be both authentic and of historical value as an independent Roman source. [106][107][46], According to the Marcan priority, the first to be written was the Gospel of Mark (written AD 60–75), followed by the Gospel of Matthew (AD 65–85), the Gospel of Luke (AD 65–95), and the Gospel of John (AD 75–100). A global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for one and a half centuries, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. [260][149] Mary of Bethany anoints Jesus' feet, foreshadowing his entombment. [359][362] By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth for Jesus between 6 and 4 BC,[362][363] but some propose estimates that include a wider range. During this war, a new dynasty originating in France, the Bourbons, was installed. The early Gospel message was spread orally, probably in Aramaic,[321] but almost immediately also in Greek. Spain is organisationally structured as a so-called Estado de las Autonomías ("State of Autonomies"); it is one of the most decentralised countries in Europe, along with Switzerland, Germany and Belgium;[132] for example, all autonomous communities have their own elected parliaments, governments, public administrations, budgets, and resources. St. Hermengild, the king's son, putting himself at the head of the Catholics, was defeated and taken prisoner, and suffered martyrdom for rejecting communion with the Arians. [189][190], As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the Perean ministry, he returns to the area where he was baptized, about a third of the way down from the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan River. Other agricultural products that benefited from irrigation included grapes, cotton, sugar beets, potatoes, legumes, olive trees, mangos, strawberries, tomatoes, and fodder grasses. Luke: "subverting nation, opposing payment of taxes to Caesar, claiming to be Christ, a king" John: "breaking Jewish law, claiming to be the son of God. The peninsula of Vélez de la Gomera is also regarded as a plaza de soberanía. The little Pheasant Island in the River Bidasoa is a Spanish-French condominium. Although the period around the turn of the century was one of increasing prosperity, the 20th century brought little social peace; Spain played a minor part in the scramble for Africa, with the colonisation of Western Sahara, Spanish Morocco and Equatorial Guinea. [140], Another claim by Spain is about the Savage Islands, part of Portugal. [380] Jesus' brother James became a leader of the Jerusalem Church. The canonical texts, which have become the main sources used by historians to try to understand the historical Jesus and sacred texts within Christianity, were probably written between 50 and 120 AD. [248][93] People along the way lay cloaks and small branches of trees (known as palm fronds) in front of him and sing part of Psalms 118:25-26. [11] He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. [233][234] Many of the miracles teach the importance of faith. For example, Thomas confirms that Jesus blessed the poor and that this saying circulated independently before being combined with similar sayings in the Q source. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with flamenco, a West Andalusian musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not widespread outside that region. In the same period of time, the number of citizens with Spanish citizenship reached 42,094,606. The fourth military authority of the State is the Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD). Until the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Muslim conquests of the Eastern Mediterranean, the main centers of Hellenistic Judaism were Alexandria (Egypt) and Antioch (now Southern Turkey), the two main Greek urban settlements of the Middle East and North Africa area, both founded at the end of the 4th century BCE in the wake of the conquests of Alexander the Great. [27], Modern research on the historical Jesus has not led to a unified picture of the historical figure, partly because of the variety of academic traditions represented by the scholars. The islet is now deserted and without any sign of sovereignty. How Mr. Rabbit Lost his Tail Hollow Tree Stories (English) (as Author) Life and Lillian Gish (English) (as Author) A Little Garden Calendar for Boys and Girls (English) (as Author) The Lucky Piece: A Tale of the North Woods (English) (as Author) Making Up with Mr. Dog Hollow Tree Stories (English) (as Author) Mark Twain: A Biography. [194][195] As of 2019, Spain has a total of over 3,400 km (2,112.66 mi) of high-speed tracks[196] linking Málaga, Seville, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Valladolid, with the trains operated at commercial speeds up to 310 km/h (190 mph). [120] He is the friend of sinners and outcasts, come to seek and save the lost. The last Muslim state fell in 1492, the same year Columbus reached the Americas. [65] The etymology of Jesus' name in the context of the New Testament is generally given as "Yahweh is salvation". In John 18:36 Jesus states, "My kingdom is not from this world", but he does not unequivocally deny being the King of the Jews. Ἰησοῦς). [223][224][225][226][227] There are also the mercheros (also quinquis), a formerly nomadic minority group. That same year, Spain's Jews were ordered to convert to Catholicism or face expulsion from Spanish territories during the Spanish Inquisition. "Luke" pp. The highest point in Spain is the Teide, a 3,718-metre (12,198 ft) active volcano in the Canary Islands. [449], The Christ myth theory is the hypothesis that Jesus of Nazareth never existed; or if he did, that he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity and the accounts in the gospels. The executive branch consists of a Council of Ministers presided over by the Prime Minister, who is nominated as candidate by the monarch after holding consultations with representatives from the different parliamentary groups, voted in by the members of the lower house during an investiture session and then formally appointed by the monarch. The Spanish encountered Islam in Southeast Asia and in order to incorporate the Philippines, Spanish expeditions organised from newly Christianised Mexico had invaded the Philippine territories of the Sultanate of Brunei. [170], In 2005 the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality of life survey placed Spain among the top 10 in the world. The civil war was viciously fought and there were many atrocities committed by all sides. The single largest group of immigrants are European; represented by large numbers of Romanians, Britons, Germans, French and others.[222]. The dates for Paul's conversion and ministry can be determined by analyzing the Pauline epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. [277] Instead of being betrayed by a kiss, Jesus proclaims his identity, and when he does, the soldiers and officers fall to the ground. After the trials, Jesus is led to Calvary carrying his cross; the route traditionally thought to have been taken is known as the Via Dolorosa. [149] Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him[150] because people are saying that he is crazy. Isidore was one of the most influential clerics and philosophers in the Middle Ages in Europe, and his theories were also vital to the conversion of the Visigothic Kingdom from an Arian domain to a Catholic one in the Councils of Toledo. [130][131] The lists are identical between Abraham and David, but differ radically from that point. 1983. pp. [300][301], The soldiers then crucify Jesus and cast lots for his clothes. The African exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera[14] make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). [66], Since the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as "Jesus Christ". The reports of supernatural events associated with Jesus' death and resurrection make the challenge even more difficult. In 1391, Christian mobs went from town to town throughout Castile and Aragon, killing an estimated 50,000 Jews. [152], Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. [409], Sanders says that Jesus' mission was not about repentance, although he acknowledges that this opinion is unpopular. [72] The death toll may have reached some 70 million indigenous people (out of 80 million) in this period, as diseases such as smallpox, measles, influenza, and typhus, brought to the Americas by the conquest, decimated the pre-Columbian population. [375][376] Astronomers have tried to estimate the precise date of the Crucifixion by analyzing lunar motion and calculating historic dates of Passover, a festival based on the lunisolar Hebrew calendar. The heavy losses suffered during the Rif War in Morocco brought discredit to the government and undermined the monarchy. The Baptist sees Jesus and calls him the Lamb of God; the two hear this and follow Jesus. [342] Kirk bride Bible Co & Zondervan Bible Publishers. La etimología de España; ¿tierra de conejos?, Reviving the Reconquista in Southeast Asia: Moros and the Making of the Philippines, 1565–1662 By: Ethan P. Hawkley. [69][70] It derives from the Greek Χριστός (Christos),[57][71] a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (משיח) meaning "anointed", and is usually transliterated into English as "messiah". Historically, Sephardi Jews and Moriscos are the main minority groups originated in Spain and with a contribution to Spanish culture. [519][522], In Christian Gnosticism (now a largely extinct religious movement),[523] Jesus was sent from the divine realm and provided the secret knowledge (gnosis) necessary for salvation. The Mediterranean heritage with Greco-Roman and some Moorish and influences in Spain, especially in Andalusia, is still evident today. In the 1960s, Spain registered an unprecedented rate of economic growth which was propelled by industrialisation, a mass internal migration from rural areas to Madrid, Barcelona and the Basque Country and the creation of a mass tourism industry.
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